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Acknowledgements
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xi
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Introduction
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1
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Part I Philosophy
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1 Promises
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25
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1.1 The nature of promises
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26
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1.2 Promise-based analyses
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33
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1.21 Unconditional promises
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33
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1.22 Conditional promises
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34
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1.23 Mixed promises
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40
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1.231 Criteria of adequacy
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44
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1.2311 Symmetry
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45
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1.2312 Obligation
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45
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1.2313 Simultaneity
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48
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1.2314 Interdependence
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49
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1.232 Analysis (10)
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52
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1.3 A trilemma
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52
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1.4 Revision of the mixed-promise analyses
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52
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1.5 Revision of the principles of obligation
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54
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1.6 Conditional promises again
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59
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1.7 Conclusion
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62
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2 Offer and acceptance
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63
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2.1 Elements of the offer–acceptance model
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63
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2.2 Constitutive rules
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67
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2.3 Obligation
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70
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2.4 Functions
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72
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2.5 Criteria of adequacy
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75
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2.6 Objections and replies
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75
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2.61 Varieties of agreement
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76
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2.611 Intervention by a third party
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76
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2.612 Multipartite agreements
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77
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2.613 Fluidity and voting
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79
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2.62 Offer, acceptance and promise
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80
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2.63 Conditionality
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85
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2.64 Breach of obligation
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88
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2.65 A practice of agreement
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89
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2.66 Circularity
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91
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3 Obligation
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95
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3.1 Questions about obligation
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95
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3.2 The ground of an obligation
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100
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3.3 Grounds of performance obligations
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105
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3.4 Generality versus morality
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114
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3.5 Grounds of moral performance obligations
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118
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3.51 Reliance
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118
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3.52 Other grounds
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125
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3.6 The fact of agreement as ground of a performance obligation
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128
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4 Practical reason
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136
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4.1 Making the agreement
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136
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4.11 Desired performance by the other party
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137
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4.12 Desired performance by both parties
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143
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4.2 Performing the agreement
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146
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4.21 Deontological reasoning
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146
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4.22 Instrumental reasoning
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149
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4.3 Other types of reasoning
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153
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4.4 Appendix: the possibility of agreements
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154
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5 Intention and other topics
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158
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5.1 Intention
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158
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5.11 First case: (116) – subjective concepts, prior intention
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160
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5.12 Second case: (117) – subjective concepts, intention in action
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163
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5.13 Third case: (117) – objective concepts, intention in action
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164
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5.14 Fourth case: (118) – subjective concepts, intention in action
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165
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5.15 Fifth case: (119) – subjective concepts, intention in action
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166
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5.16 Sixth case: (119) – objective concepts, intention in action
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167
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5.17 Converse conditionals
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168
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5.2 Identity
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168
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5.3 Logical properties
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170
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5.31 Conjunction
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170
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5.32 Closure
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175
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5.4 Agreement to agree
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178
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5.5 Agreement with oneself
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178
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5.6 Appendix: conditional intention
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183
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6 Intervention by the state
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186
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6.1 The state and its reasons
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186
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6.2 Reasons for enforcement
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189
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6.21 Consequential reasons
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190
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6.211 Goods resulting from performance
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192
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6.2111 Benefits to the parties and others
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194
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6.2112 Expression and obligation
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198
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6.212 Goods resulting from formation
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201
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6.213 Other goods
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203
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6.22 Deontological reasons
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205
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6.3 Reasons for prohibition or promotion
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207
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6.4 Appendix: reason and function
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209
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Part II Law
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7 Contract
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217
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7.1 Elements of contract law
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217
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7.11 Offer and acceptance
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218
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7.12 Consent and the will
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219
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7.13 Rules of offer and acceptance
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222
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7.14 Varieties of contract
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224
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7.15 Boundaries
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224
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7.2 Agreement not sufficient for contract
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225
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7.21 Agreements that are not contracts
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227
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7.22 The divergence explained
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228
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7.3 Agreement not necessary for contract
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229
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7.31 Posting
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229
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7.32 Death
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231
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7.33 Simultaneous exchange
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232
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7.34 Imposed contracts
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233
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7.35 Negotiations
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234
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7.36 Unilateral contracts
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234
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7.37 Objectivity
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236
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7.38 The divergence explained
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239
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7.4 Contractual agreement without offer and acceptance
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240
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7.5 Contract as promise
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242
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7.6 Independent promises
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243
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7.61 Versions of the distinction
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244
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7.611 Dependence
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245
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7.612 Independence
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247
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7.62 Logical properties of dependence and independence
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247
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7.63 The case for internal conditionality
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248
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7.631 Against the reason-based analysis
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248
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7.632 Justification for the rule of rescission
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250
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7.633 Against externally conditional analyses
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251
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7.64 Independence, dependence and agreement
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254
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8 Competition
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257
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8.1 Concurrence of wills
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260
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8.11 Intention and concurrence of wills
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265
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8.12 Conditionality
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267
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8.121 First case: (186) – subjective concepts, prior intention
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268
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8.122 Second case: (191) – subjective concepts, prior intention
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271
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8.13 Defences and further objections
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272
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8.2 Common intention
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278
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8.3 Concerted practices
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280
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8.31 The joint action model
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282
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8.32 Communication
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284
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8.33 Reduction of uncertainty
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290
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8.4 Complex cartels
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294
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8.5 Unilateral action
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298
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8.51 Vertical relationships
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300
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8.52 Oligopolies
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308
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8.521 Tacit agreement
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309
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8.522 Reducing the problem
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316
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8.5221 Agreements
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318
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8.5222 Concerted practices
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318
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9 Conspiracy
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323
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9.1 Statutory conspiracy
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323
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9.2 Actus reus: the agreement
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329
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9.21 Agreement and action
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333
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9.22 Conspiracy and contract
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339
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9.23 Duration
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342
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9.24 Course of conduct
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344
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9.25 Material object
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346
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9.26 Conditionality
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348
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9.27 Complex conspiracies
|
353
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9.28 Collaboration
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360
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9.3 Mens rea
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362
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9.4 Parties
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366
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References
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372
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List of numbered propositions
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415
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Index
|
431
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