Arbitrary Withholding of Consent to Humanitarian Relief in Non-international Armed Conflict

International Law

Arbitrary Withholding of Consent to Humanitarian Relief in Non-international Armed Conflict

By Vijitha Veerakatty
Brill Nijhoff May 2024

Specifications

ISBN-13
9789004689336
Publisher
Brill Nijhoff
Publication
May 2024
Format
Hardback
Jurisdiction
Netherlands ? Countri(es) for reference only

Details

How to legally assess the situation when humanitarian actors in non-international armed conflicts are arbitrarily denied access to the affected civilian population? The book answers this question from the perspective of the five main actors involved in humanitarian relief in non-international armed conflicts:

  • the affected State
  • non-State armed groups
  • humanitarian actors
  • non-belligerent States, and
  • the affected civilian population

    It examines the legal regulations and consequences for each of these actors. In doing so, the book not only draws attention to existing legal gaps and challenges, but also encourages readers to rethink outdated legal concepts and discuss new approaches.

Table of Contents

List of Abbreviations

Introduction
1 Current Situation
2 Conditions for Providing Humanitarian Relief
3 Can Consent to Relief Operations Be Withheld?
4 Aims of This Book
5 Structure of the Book

Part 1. International Humanitarian Relief in Non-international Armed Conflicts
1. Actors Involved in Relief Actions
1 Affected State
2 Non-state Armed Groups
3 Humanitarian Actors
4 Non-belligerent States
5 Civilians
2. Legal Framework
1 Overview
2 Relevant Laws and Principles
3. The Concept of Humanitarian Relief
1 Historical Perspective
2 Defining Humanitarian Relief
3 Implementation of International Humanitarian Relief
4 Dilemma: Principle of ‘Do No Harm’
4. Situation of Non-international Armed Conflicts
1 Definition
2 Distinction from Internal Tensions and Disturbances
3 Distinction from International Armed Conflict

Part 2. Rights and Duties of the Actors Involved in Relief Actions
5. Introduction
6. Rights and Duties of the Affected State
1 State’s Sovereignty as a Core Principle
2 Rights and Duties
7. Rights and Duties of Non-state Armed Groups
1 Bound to International Law
2 Rights and Duties
8. Rights and Duties of Humanitarian Actors
1 Adherence to Humanitarian Principles
2 Rights and Duties
9. Rights and Duties of Non-belligerent States
1 Cooperation with Humanitarian Actors
2 Rights and Duties
10. Rights and Duties of Civilians
1 Right on Respect and Protection
2 A Right to Receive Humanitarian Relief?
3 Duty Not to Take Part in Hostilities and Impede Relief Actions

Part 3. Arbitrary Withholding of Consent to Relief Operations
11. Characteristics of Withholding of Consent
1 Withholding and Withdrawing of Consent
2 Forms of Expression
12. Prohibition of Arbitrary Withholding of Consent
1 Legal Basis
2 Assessing Arbitrariness
13. Violation of Other International Obligations
1 Relevant Breaches of Law
2 Breaches of ihl Obligations
3 Breaches of ihrl Obligations
4 Breaches under International Criminal Law

Part 4. Legal Consequences of Arbitrary Withholding of Consent
14. Introduction
15. Accountability of the Affected State
1 State Responsibility
2 Responsibility for Violation of Human Rights Treaties
3 Individual Responsibility under Criminal Law
16. Accountability of Non-state Armed Groups
1 No Direct Responsibility of the Armed Group
2 Determination of Breaches within Monitoring Mechanisms
3 Individual Responsibility of the Members of the Armed Group
17. Remedies for Humanitarian Actors
1 Possibility of Providing Relief without Consent?
2 Bilateral Dialogues and Public Pronouncement
18. Remedies for Non-belligerent States
1 Obligation and Entitlement to Act
2 Non-judicial Mechanisms
3 Judicial Mechanisms
19. Remedies for Civilians
1 Human Rights Complaint Procedures
2 Claims Commissions
3 Rights as Victims before the icc

Part 5. Legal Gaps and Required Developments
20. Introduction
21. Currently Existing Gaps in the Law
1 Law Governing Humanitarian Relief
2 Legal Status of Non-state Armed Groups
3 Legal Remedies
22. Developments Needed
1 Enhancing Knowledge of the Applicable Law
2 Further Legal Regulations
3 Independent International Body for Assessing Arbitrariness
4 Integration of Non-state Armed Groups
5 New Enforcement Mechanism

Conclusion
1 Summary
2 Closing Remarks

Reports, Resolutions and Statements
Table of Cases
Bibliography
Index
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