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Balancing Human Rights, Environmental Protection and International Trade: Lessons from the EU Experience

Balancing Human Rights, Environmental Protection and International Trade: Lessons from the EU Experience

Author: Emily Reid
Publisher: Hart Publishing
ISBN: 9781509913800

Published In: January 2017
Format: Paperback
Jurisdiction: U.K. ? Disclaimer:
Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only
Hardback Edition ISBN: 9781841138268

List Price: HKD 389.87

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Contents

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This book explores the means by which economic liberalisation can be reconciled with human rights and environmental protection in the regulation of international trade. It is primarily concerned with identifying the lessons the international community can learn, specifically in the context of the WTO, from decades of European Community and Union experience in facing this question.

The book demonstrates first that it is possible to reconcile the pursuit of economic and non-economic interests, that the EU has found a mechanism by which to do so, and that the application of the principle of proportionality is fundamental to the realisation of this. It is argued that the EU approach can be characterised as a practical application of the principle of sustainable development. Secondly, from the analysis of the EU experience, this book identifies fundamental conditions crucial to achieving this ‘reconciliation’. Thirdly, the book explores the implications of lessons from the EU experience for the international Community. In so doing it assesses both the potential and limits of the existing international regulatory framework for such reconciliation.

The book develops a deeper understanding of the inter-relationship between the legal regulation of economic and non-economic development, adding clarity to the debate in a controversial area. It argues that a more holistic approach to the consideration of ‘development’, encompassing economic and non-economic concerns - ‘sustainable’ development - is not only desirable in principle but realisable in practice.

I. Introduction

II. Structure of the Book

PART I: THE EU EXPERIENCE

2. The Emergence of Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU

I. The Protection of Human Rights in the EU

II. The Protection of the Environment in the EU

III. Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU: Conclusions

3. The Standing of Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU Legal Order

I. Regulating the Interface between Economic and Non-economic Interests: The Rules of the Internal Market

II. Human Rights and Environmental Protection as Free-Standing Objectives?

III. Conclusions: The Significance of Sustainable Development and Proportionality in Balancing the EU's Economic and Non-economic Interests

4. The EU's Relations with Third States

I. The Basis of External Competence of the EU

II. The Exercise of EU Competence

III. EU Competence in Relation to its Newer Objectives

IV. The Effect of International Agreements in EU Law

V. Concluding Comments

5. Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU's Relations with Third States

I. Forms and Types of Agreement between the EU and Third States

II. The Emergence of the Human Rights and Democracy Clause: Lom IV (1990)

III. EU Enforcement of the Human Rights Clause

IV. The Protection of the Environment in the EU's Relations with Third States

V. Conclusions

PART II: BALANCING ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC INTERESTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER

6. The International Context: The WTO Legal Order

I. The Framework for International Trade: The WTO ...

196

II. The Relationship between WTO Law and International Law

7. Trade and Environment in the WTO Legal Order

I. Background to the trade-environment nexus under the GATT/WTO

II. Environmental Regulatory Measures and Dispute Settlement

III. Emerging Environmental Measures Posing Particular Challenges for the WTO

IV. Application of the Different Tests in the Determination as to Whether a Measure May Justify a Trade Restriction

V. Conclusions

8. Human Rights Protection and WTO Law

I. Background: International Human Rights Law and the WTO

II. Unpacking the Interaction between Human Rights and WTO Rules

III. Contrasting Approaches: The EU and WTO Approaches Compared

IV. Conclusions

9. Effecting the Reconciliation of Competing Interests: Reconceptualising the Legal Framework

I. The EU Experience

II. Reconceptualising the Objectives of the WTO through the Lens of Sustainable Development

III. Operationalisation of the Sustainable Development-Based Approach

IV. Reconciling the Pursuit of Economic and Non-economic Interests: Lessons from the EU

V. Concluding Comments

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