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Acknowledgments
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pageix
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Message from Kofi A. Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations
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xi
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Macquarie Statement
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xiii
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Contributors
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xv
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Introduction
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1
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Michael I. Jeffery, Jeremy Firestone, and Karen Bubna-Litic
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PART ONE. THE CONTEXT
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1
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Environmental Law Forty Years Later: Looking Back and Looking Ahead
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9
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Joseph L. Sax
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2
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Biodiversity and International Law: Historical Perspectives and Present Challenges: Where Do We Come From, Where Are We Going?
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26
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Françoise Burhenne-Guilmin
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3
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Some Observations on the IUCN, the Earth Charter, and Global Governance
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43
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Brendan Mackey
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4
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The Changing Role of Law in the Pursuit of Sustainability
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49
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Paul Martin
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PART TWO. BIODIVERSITY: ITS CONSERVATION
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Section A. Needs, Problems, Prerequisites
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5
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Biodiversity Conservation in the Context of Sustainable Human Development: A Call to Action
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69
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Michael I. Jeffery
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6
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Legal and Paralegal Rules for Biodiversity Conservation: A Sequence of Conceptual, Linguistic, and Legal Problems
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94
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D. E. Fisher
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7
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Future Directions in Conservation of Biological Diversity: An Interdisciplinary Approach
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132
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Abdul Haseeb Ansari
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Section B. Implementation of the CBD
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8
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Experience, Mistakes, and Challenges: The Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Brazil
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155
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José Rubens Morato-Leite, Heline Sivini Ferreira, and Patryck de Araújo Ayala
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Section C. National and Regional Legal and Institutional Tools and Regimes
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9
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EC Law and Biodiversity
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181
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Nicholas de Sadeleer
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10
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Community-Based Biodiversity Conservation in the Pacific: Cautionary Lessons in “Regionalising” Environmental Governance
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193
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Justin Rose
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PART THREE CONSERVATION MEASURES
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Section A. Area-Based Measures
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11
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The Recent NSW Experience, from Regional Forest Agreements to Brigalow and the Introduction of the Community Conservation Area
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227
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R. J. Debus
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12
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Local People’s Perceptions and Attitudes towards the Management of Nech-Sar National Park, Ethiopia
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233
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Desalegn Wana
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13
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Japanese MPAs at a Turning Point: Nomination of Shiretoko for World Heritage Status
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251
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Yasuhiko Kagami
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Section B. Species-Based Measures
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14
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Ten Years of Threatened Species Legislation in NSW – What Are the Lessons?
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265
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Karen Bubna-Litic
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15
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Sanctuaries, Protected Species, and Politics – How Effective Is Australia at Protecting Its Marine Biodiversity under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999?
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280
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Ilona Miller and Jessica Wood
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16
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Legal Stewardship of Mountain Regions: The Emerging Ecoregime
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306
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Nicholas A. Robinson
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PART FOUR. USES OF COMPONENTS OF BIODIVERSITY
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17
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Legal Framework for the Ecological and Biodiversity Needs of Soil: Progress towards an International Instrument for the Sustainable Use of Soil
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329
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Ian Hannam
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18
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The Ghanaian Forestry Regime: Bridging the Gap between the North and the South
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347
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George A. Sarpong
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19
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Bridging the Dominant-Indigenous Peoples Cultural Divide: Reflections on Makah Whaling
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358
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Jeremy Firestone and Jonathan Lilley
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PART FIVE. PROCESSES AFFECTING BIODIVERSITY
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Section A. Global Warming
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20
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Biodiversity and Climate Change Laws: A Failure to Communicate?
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383
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David R. Hodas
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21
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Emissions Trading: A Fantasy for China to Combat Global Warming?
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400
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Bo Miao
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Section B. Land Management
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22
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A Brief Historical Comparison of the Public Land Disposal Policies in Brazil and in the United States
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423
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Arlindo Daibert
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23
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Protecting Ecological Functions: Ecological Function Zoning and Conservation Zones in the PRC
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441
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Qun Du
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24
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The Successful Ecograss Project and the Policy and Legal Issues Met and Solved
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455
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Na Li, Liu Yanchun, and Zhang Hui
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PART SIX. BIOSECURITY ISSUES
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Section A. Invasive Species
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25
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Prevention and Control of Alien Invasive Species – China’s Implementation of the CBD
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465
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Yuhong Zhao
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Section B. Genetically Modified Organisms
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26
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Who Is to Blame? Liability and Redress Related to GMOs
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485
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Loretta Feris
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27
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The Reality and Effect of “Advance Informed Agreement” under the Cartagena Protocol
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500
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Rosemary Lyster
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PART SEVEN. ACCESS AND BENEFIT-SHARING
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Section A. The Situation in Antarctica
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28
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Access, Obligations, and Benefits: Regulating Bioprospecting in the Antarctic
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529
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Alan D. Hemmings and Michelle Rogan-Finnemore
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Section B. Indigenous Intellectual and Cultural Property Rights
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29
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Biotechnological Innovations, Genetic Resources, and Traditional Knowledge: Current Developments at the World Intellectual Property Organization
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553
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Burton Ong
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30
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Sharing All the Benefits: The Challenge of Legal Recognition of Indigenous Intellectual and Cultural Property Rights in the Fiji Islands
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579
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Pio E. Manoa and Isoa Korovulavula
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Index
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593
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