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Business Ratios and Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide, 3rd Edition

Business Ratios and Formulas A Comprehensive Guide, 3rd Edition

  • Author:
  • Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
  • ISBN: 9781118169964
  • Published In: March 2012
  • Format: Hardback , 355 pages
  • Jurisdiction: International or US ? Disclaimer:
    Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only
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  • Description 
  • Contents 
  • Author 
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    A complete appraisal of analytical tools available to managers to assess performance

    Required reading for anyone starting, running, or growing a business, Business Ratios and Formulas, Third Edition puts answers at the fingertips of business managers, with nearly 250 operational criteria and clear, easy-to-understand explanations that can be used right away. The Third Edition includes twenty new measurements.

    • Approximately 20 new measurements
    • Offers a comprehensive resource of nearly 250 operational criteria
    • An Appendix including a dictionary of accounting and finance terms
    • A thorough list of every ratio and formula, and how to compile and interpret that information
    • Also by Steven M. Bragg: Fast Close: A Guide to Closing the Books Quickly, Second Edition

    An ideal tool for measuring corporate performance, this authoritative resource allows you to pick and choose the tools you need to best assess your organization's performance.

  • Preface

    Acknowledgments

    Chapter 1 Introduction

    Chaper 2 Asset Utilization Measurements

    Sales to Working Capital Ratio

    Sales to Fixed Assets Ratio

    Sales to Administrative Expenses Ratio

    Sales to Equity Ratio

    Sales per Person

    Sales Backlog Ratio

    Sales Returns to Gross Sales Ratio

    Repairs and Maintenance Expense to Fixed Assets Ratio

    Accumulated Depreciation to Fixed Assets Ratio

    Capital to Labor Ratio

    Fringe Benefits to Wages and Salaries Expense

    Sales Expenses to Sales Ratio

    Discretionary Cost Ratio

    Interest Expense to Debt Ratio

    Foreign Exchange Ratios

    Overhead Rate

    Goodwill to Assets Ratio

    Overhead to Cost of Sales Ratio

    Investment Turnover

    Break-Even Point

    Margin of Safety

    Tax Rate Percentage

    Chapter 3 Operating Performance Measurements

    Operating Assets Ratio

    Sales to Operating Income Ratio

    Sales Margin

    Gross Profit Percentage

    Gross Profit Index

    Investment Income Percentage

    Operating Profit Percentage

    Operating Leverage Ratio

    Net Income Percentage

    Core Operating Earnings

    Profit per Customer Visit

    Profit per Person

    Core Growth Rate

    Quality of Earnings Ratio

    Chapter 4 Cash Flow Measurements

    Cash Flow from Operations

    Free Cash Flow

    Cash Flow Return on Sales

    Fixed Charge Coverage

    Expense Coverage Days

    Cash Flow Coverage Ratio

    Cash Receipts to Billed Sales and Progress Payments

    Cash to Current Assets Ratio

    Cash Flow to Fixed Asset Requirements

    Cash Flow Return on Assets

    Cash to Working Capital Ratio

    Cash Reinvestment Ratio

    Cash to Current Liabilities Ratio

    Cash Flow to Debt Ratio

    REINVESTMENT Rate

    Stock Price to Cash Flow Ratio

    Dividend Payout Ratio

    Chapter 5 Liquidity Measurements

    Accounts Receivable Turnover

    Average Receivable Collection Period

    Days Delinquent Sales Outstanding

    Days Sales in Receivables Index

    Accounts Receivable Investment

    Ending Receivable Balance

    Inventory to Sales Ratio

    Inventory Turnover

    Inventory to Working Capital Ratio

    Liquidity Index

    Accounts Payable Days

    Accounts Payable Turnover

    Current Ratio

    Quick Ratio

    Cash Ratio

    Sales to Current Assets Ratio

    Working Capital Productivity

    Days of Working Capital

    Weighted Working Capital

    Defensive Interval Ratio

    Current Liability Ratio

    Required Current Liabilities to Total Current Liabilities Ratio

    Working Capital to Debt Ratio

    Risky Asset Conversion Ratio

    Noncurrent Assets to Noncurrent Liabilities Ratio

    Short-term Debt to Long-term Debt Ratio

    Altman's Z-Score Bankruptcy Prediction Formula

    Chatper 6 Capital Structure and Solvency Measurements

    Times Interest Earned

    Cash Coverage Ratio

    Debt Coverage Ratio

    Asset Quality Index

    Accruals to Assets Ratio

    Times Preferred Dividend Earned

    Debt to Equity Ratio

    Funded Capital Ratio

    Retained Earnings to Stockholders' Equity

    Preferred Stock to Total Stockholders' Equity

    Issued Shares to Authorized Shares

    Chapter 7 Return on Investment Measurements

    Net Worth

    Book Value Per Share

    Tangible Book Value

    Return on Assets Employed

    Return on Infrastructure Employed

    Return on Operating Assets

    Return on Equity Percentage

    Return on Common Equity

    Financial Leverage Index

    Equity Growth Rate

    Earnings per Share

    Percentage Change in Earnings Per Share

    Economic Value Added

    EVA Momentum

    Relative Value of Growth

    Dividend Payout Ratio

    Dividend Yield Ratio

    Chapter 8 Market Performance Measurements

    Insider Stock Buy-Sell Ratio

    Institutional Capture Rate

    Market Value Added

    Enterprise Value/Earnings Ratio

    Stock Options to Common Shares Ratio

    Cost of Capital

    Sales to Stock Price Ratio

    Price/Earnings Ratio

    Capitalization Rate

    Chapter 9 Measurements for the Accounting/Finance Department

    Purchase Discounts Taken to Total Discounts

    Percentage of Payment Discounts Missed

    Transactions Processed per Person

    Transaction Error Rate

    Average Time to Issue Invoices

    Average Employee Expense Report Turnaround Time

    Payroll Transaction Fees per Employee

    Time to Produce Financial Statements

    Percentage of Tax Filing Dates Missed

    Proportion of Products Costed Prior to Release

    Internal Audit Savings to Cost Percentage

    Internal Audit Efficiency

    Deduction Turnover

    Bad Debt Percentage

    Percent of Receivables over XX Days Old

    Allowance Exhaustion Rate

    Percentage Collected of Dollar Volume Assigned

    Cash Collected Per Aging Bucket

    Collection Effectiveness Index

    Best Possible DSO

    Partial Payment Agreement Percentage

    Percent of Cash Applied on Day of Receipt

    Auto Cash Hit Rate

    Unmatched Receipts Exposure

    Cost of Credit

    Earnings Rate on Invested Funds

    Brokerage Fee Percentage

    Borrowing Base Usage Percentage

    Chapter 10 Measurements for the Engineering Department

    Bill of Material Accuracy

    Labor Routing Accuracy

    Idea Kill Rate

    Percentage of New Products Introduced

    Percentage of Sales from New Products

    Percentage of New Parts Used in New Products

    Percentage of Existing Parts Reused in New Products

    Average Number of Distinct Products per Design Platform

    Percentage of Products Reaching Market Before Competition

    Return on Innovation Investment

    Intangibility Index

    Science Linkage Index

    Ratio of Actual to Target Cost

    Warranty Claims Percentage

    Time from Design Inception to Production

    Percentage of Floor Space Utilization

    Chapter 11 Measurements for the Human Resources Department

    Employee Turnover

    Average Time to Hire

    Late Personnel Requisitions Ratio

    Sendouts Per Hire

    Intern Hiring Percentage

    Ratio of Support Staff to Total Staff

    Employment Cost Effectiveness

    Chapter 12 Measurements for the Logistics Department

    Production Schedule Accuracy

    Economic Order Quantity

    Number of Orders to Place in a Period

    Economic Production Run Size

    Raw Material Inventory Turns

    Raw Material Content

    Finished Goods Inventory Turns

    Obsolete Inventory Percentage

    Percentage of Inventory XX Days Old

    Percentage of Returnable Inventory

    Excess Inventory Index

    Inventory Accuracy

    Percentage of Certified Suppliers

    Electronic Data Interchange Supplier Percentage

    Distribution Turnover

    Supplier Fill Rate

    On-Time Parts Delivery Percentage

    Purchased Component Defect Rate

    Incoming Components Correct Quantity Percentage

    Percentage of Actual Payments Varying from Purchase Order Price

    Percentage of Purchase Orders Issued below Minimum Dollar Level

    Proportion of Corporate Credit Card Usage

    Percentage of Receipts Authorized by Purchase Orders

    Freight Audit Recovery Ratio

    Picking Accuracy for Assembled Products

    Order Fill Rate

    Average Time to Ship

    On-Time Delivery Percentage

    Dock-to-Dock Time

    Percentage of Products Damaged in Transit

    Percentage of Sales through Distributors

    Chapter 13 Measurements for the Production Department

    Constraint Productivity

    Takt Time

    Constraint Rework Percentage

    Constraint Schedule Attainment

    Constraint Utilization

    Operational Equipment Effectiveness

    Degree of Unbalance

    Throughput Effectiveness

    Manufacturing Critical Path Time

    Manufacturing Efficiency

    Break-even Plant Capacity

    Manufacturing Effectiveness

    Productivity Index

    Unit Output per Direct Labor Hour

    Average Equipment Setup Time

    Unscheduled Machine Downtime Percentage

    Mean Time between Failures

    Acceptable Product Completion Percentage

    Work-in-Process Turnover

    Work-in-Process to Standard Work-in-Process

    Scrap Percentage

    First-Time-Through Yield

    Warranty Claims Percentage

    Maintenance Expense to Fixed Assets Ratio

    Indirect Expense Index

    Reorder Point

    On-Time Delivery Ratio

    Chapter 14 Measurements for the Sales and Marketing Department

    Market Share

    Customer Turnover

    Advertising Value Equivalency

    Net Promoter Score

    Browse to Buy Conversion Ratio

    Recency

    Direct Mail Effectiveness Ratio

    Inbound Telemarketing Retention Ratio

    Proportion of Completed Sales to Home Page Views

    Quote to Close Ratio

    Pull-Through Rate

    Sales per Salesperson

    Sales Productivity

    Sales Effectiveness

    Sales Trend Percentage by Product Line

    Product Demand Elasticity

    Days of Backlog

    Chapter 15 Measurement Analysis with an Electronic Spreadsheet

    Financial Statement Proportional Analysis

    Financial Statement Ratio Analysis

    Automated Ratio Result Analysis

    Leverage Analysis

    Trend Analysis

    Forecasting

    Cash Flow Analysis

    Capital Asset Analysis

    Compounding Analysis

    Investment Analysis

    Risk Analysis

    Appendix: Measurement Summary

    Glossary

    About the Author

    Index

  • Steven M. Bragg, CPA, has been the chief financial officer or controller of four companies, as well as a consulting manager at Ernst & Young and auditor at Deloitte. He is the author of over thirty books primarily targeted toward corporate financial leaders (controllers, treasurers, and CFOs) and their needs. Bragg received a master's degree in finance from Bentley College, an MBA from Babson College, and a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Maine.

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