Consumer Law

Consumer Financial Dispute Resolution in a Comparative Context Principles, Systems and Practice

By Dr Shahla F. Ali
Cambridge University Press March 2013

Specifications

ISBN-13
9781107028715
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Publication
March 2013
Format
Hardback , 267 pages
Jurisdiction
International ? Countri(es) for reference only

Details

Nearly all major global financial centres have developed systems of consumer financial dispute resolution. Such systems aim to assist parties to resolve a growing number of monetary disputes with financial institutions. How governments and self-regulatory organizations design and administer financial dispute resolution mechanisms in the context of increasingly turbulent financial markets is a new area for research and practice. Consumer Financial Dispute Resolution in a Comparative Context presents comparative research about the development and design of these mechanisms in East Asia, North America and Europe. Using a comparative methodology and drawing on empirical findings from a multi-jurisdictional survey, Shahla Ali examines the emergence of global principles that influence the design of financial dispute resolution models, considers the structural variations between the ombuds and arbitration systems and offers practical proposals for reform.

• Provides a comprehensive review of dispute resolution approaches, thereby helping the reader to gain familiarity with the spectrum of options available to address consumer financial disputes

• Identifies best practices in financial dispute resolution through comparative analysis of mechanisms around the world

• Synthesizes findings in the form of law and policy recommendations

Table of Contents

List of figures
xi
List of tables
xii
Acknowledgements
xiii
Introduction
1
A financial crisis with global proportions
1
Viewing consumer financial dispute resolution in a theoretical context
3
Overview of methodology
5
Structure of the book
8
Part I    Principles
11
1         Principles of consumer financial dispute resolution in a global context
13
Introduction
13
Theoretical perspectives on the impact of globalisation on international legal practice
14
Principles of consumer financial dispute resolution
16
Summary
31
Part II   Ombuds systems
33
2         Financial dispute resolution in the United Kingdom
35
Introduction
35
Financial alternative dispute resolution programmes
40
Procedures of the Financial Ombudsman Service
47
Statistics
50
Service providers
51
Oversight
51
Strengths
52
Challenges
55
Lessons learned
62
Conclusion: the UK Ombuds Model and its contribution to consumer confidence
62
3         Financial dispute resolution in Australia
64
Introduction
64
Alternative dispute resolution in Australia
65
Financial alternative dispute resolution programmes
71
The Credit Ombudsman Service Limited
72
Underlying legal mandate
72
Types of dispute
75
Strengths
87
Challenges
88
Lessons learned
89
Contribution to consumer confidence and domestic financial performance
90
4         Financial dispute resolution in Japan
92
Introduction
92
Background
92
Japan’s new financial ombuds system
93
FINMAC
96
Types of dispute
98
Consumer financial dispute resolution in Japanese courts
99
Lessons learned
101
Contribution to consumer confidence
102
Part II overview: survey findings regarding the ombuds process
103
Survey design
103
Sample pool and distribution
103
Benefits of using an ombuds process for consumer financial dispute resolution
105
Areas for improvement
106
Suggestions for further development
107
Conclusion
108
Part III  Arbitration systems
109
5         Financial dispute resolution in the United States
111
Introduction
111
The American Arbitration Association
111
Challenges and shortcomings of mandatory consumer credit card arbitration
113
Financial dispute resolution through FINRA
114
Self-regulatory organisations: FINRA
115
FINRA mandate and function
120
Underlying legal mandate
122
Types of dispute
122
Oversight
126
Strengths
126
Challenges
127
Contribution to consumer confidence
132
Contribution to domestic financial performance
135
6         Financial dispute resolution in Singapore
137
Background
137
Financial alternative dispute resolution programmes
139
Structure
140
Underlying legal mandate
140
Dispute resolution
142
Strengths
148
Challenges
149
Lessons learned
149
7         Financial dispute resolution in Hong Kong
152
Background
152
Strengths
162
Challenges
163
Lessons learned
166
Contribution to domestic financial performance and consumer confidence
168
Part III overview: survey findings regarding the arbitration process
169
Benefits of using an arbitration process for consumer financial disputes
170
Challenges in implementing the use of arbitration in consumer financial disputes
172
Suggestions for improving overall efficacy of the arbitration process in consumer financial disputes
174
Conclusion
175
8         Emerging systems: financial dispute resolution in China
176
Background
176
Underlying legal mandate
177
Financial alternative dispute resolution programmes
177
Strengths
183
Challenges
184
Part IV   Practice
187
9         Synthesising lessons learned and policy recommendations
189
Background
189
Jurisdiction
191
Assessment and recommendations
196
Dispute type
196
Assessment and recommendations
203
Procedural models
203
Assessment and recommendations
207
Second stage: mediation/conciliation
208
Assessment and recommendations
211
Third step: a fork in the road – ombuds or arbitration process
211
Assessment and recommendations
220
Awards
221
Assessment and recommendations
221
Costs
224
Purposes of charging
224
Assessment and recommendations
225
Assessing consumer financial dispute resolution in a regulatory setting
225
Systemic issues and parallel jurisdiction
231
Regulator intervention and parallel jurisdiction
232
Distinguishing between regulatory and non-regulatory financial dispute resolution schemes in other jurisdictions
235
Assessing the appropriateness of dispute resolution methods for financial regulation
237
Regulatory structure informing the future shape of financial dispute resolution
239
Conclusion: the way forward
241
Bibliography
244
Index
261

About the Author

Dr Shahla F. Ali
The University of Hong Kong

Reviews

Advance praise: 'This book provides a wide-ranging comparative assessment that will be of great value to anyone analyzing or designing dispute resolution systems for consumer disputes. The detailed descriptions of arbitration and ombudsman mechanisms in six countries, as well as Dr Ali's recommendations, illuminate the continuing evolution of global norms for dispute resolution.' Stephanie E. Smith, Stanford Law School

'This is a valuable primer to the growing universe of consumer financial arbitration, particularly with its emphasis on countries in the Asia Pacific region.' Michael Hwang, Michael Hwang Chambers, Singapore

'This comprehensive volume breaks new ground in surveying and comparing multiple dispute resolution systems across world regions against a backdrop of carefully outlined principles including fairness, impartiality, transparency and consistency. Well-written, thoughtful and empirically supported, it is a 'must-read' for scholars, practitioners and end-users of commercial dispute resolution. It also productively outlines a way forward for practice in this area informed by best practices from a range of contexts.' Michelle LeBaron, University of British Columbia

'Anyone interested in the intersection of consumers, monetary disputes with financial institutions, and turbulent financial markets must read this book. It provides an articulate and thoughtful comparison of processes, from mediation and conciliation to ombudsmen, arbitration and litigation, taking us around the world to the UK, Australia, Japan, the US, China, Singapore and Hong Kong to look at differing systems of dispute resolution.' Lela P. Love, Director, Kukin Program for Conflict Resolution and the Cardozo Mediation Clinic, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York

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