|
Acknowledgements
|
x |
|
Table of treaties
|
xii |
|
Table of cases
|
xxi |
|
List of abbreviations
|
xxiv |
|
Introduction
|
1 |
|
Part I Acknowledging interdependence
|
11 |
|
1 Cooperation between sovereign States
|
13 |
|
1.1 The nature of water
|
13 |
|
1.1.1 The water cycle
|
13 |
|
1.1.2 Human intervention and interdependence
|
16 |
|
1.1.3 Addressing hydrologic interdependence through cooperation
|
18 |
|
1.2 State motivation for cooperation
|
19 |
|
1.2.1 Elements intervening in the choice to cooperate
|
20 |
|
1.2.2 Factors contributing to the use of law in State cooperation
|
27 |
|
1.3 The nature of cooperation in international law
|
30 |
|
1.3.1 Good faith as an essential assumption
|
31 |
|
1.3.2 Evolution of cooperative coexistence of States
|
32 |
|
1.3.3 Changing paradigms
|
35 |
|
1.4 Conclusion
|
40 |
|
2 Development of international water law
|
42 |
|
2.1 Sovereignty over shared water resources
|
42 |
|
2.1.1 Absolute territorial theories
|
43 |
|
2.1.2 Limited territorial sovereignty over shared resources
|
50 |
|
2.1.3 A community of interest?
|
52 |
|
2.2 Expansion of normative reach
|
56 |
|
2.2.1 Expansion via navigation
|
56 |
|
2.2.2 Continued efforts in multilateral codification
|
59 |
|
2.2.3 Widening thematic scope
|
65 |
|
2.3 Conclusion
|
68 |
|
Part II A general duty to cooperate: What does it mean?
|
71 |
|
3 The duty to cooperate and concurrence of principles
|
73 |
|
3.1 The general duty to cooperate
|
74 |
|
3.1.1 Crystallisation of an autonomous duty
|
74 |
|
3.1.2 Terms and objectives of the general duty to cooperate
|
81 |
|
3.2 Considering legitimate interests of others
|
86 |
|
3.2.1 The principle of equitable and reasonable utilisation
|
86 |
|
3.2.2 Implementation of the principle
|
89 |
|
3.2.3 Inter-generational equity
|
93 |
|
3.3 Minimising negative impact on others
|
96 |
|
3.3.1 Good neighbourliness
|
97 |
|
3.3.2 Implementation of the principle: Obligation not to cause significant harm
|
100 |
|
3.4 Conclusion: A triangle of principles?
|
104 |
|
4 Informing cooperation
|
107 |
|
4.1 Procedure void of substance?
|
107 |
|
4.1.1 Procedural and substantive law
|
107 |
|
4.1.2 The procedural and substantive content of specific cooperation obligations
|
110 |
|
4.1.3 Importance of comprehensive reading
|
112 |
|
4.2 Informing the process
|
114 |
|
4.2.1 Regular data and information exchange
|
115 |
|
4.2.2 Notification of emergencies
|
125 |
|
4.2.3 Notification of planned measures
|
129 |
|
4.3 Identifying mutual benefits and competing interests and rights
|
139 |
|
4.3.1 Consultation
|
139 |
|
4.3.2 Negotiation
|
143 |
|
4.3.3 Conclusion of treaties
|
150 |
|
4.4 Conclusion
|
151 |
|
5 Adoption of joint measures
|
153 |
|
5.1 Protection and development of shared waters
|
154 |
|
5.1.1 Coordination for water quality control
|
154 |
|
5.1.2 Ecosystem management and protection
|
162 |
|
5.1.3 Flow regulation and joint infrastructure
|
169 |
|
5.2 Institutional frameworks for cooperation
|
176 |
|
5.2.1 Platforms for dialogue, planning and operation
|
179 |
|
5.2.2 Enhancing and widening cooperation
|
184 |
|
5.2.3 Ensuring compliance
|
187 |
|
5.2.4 Preventing and settling disputes
|
193 |
|
5.3 Conclusion: Managing complexity through joint action
|
195 |
|
Part III Dealing with evolving challenges
|
197 |
|
6 International protection of vital human water needs
|
199 |
|
6.1 Vital human water needs – an issue worthy of legal protection
|
200 |
|
6.2 Emerging protection under international water law
|
202 |
|
6.2.1 Protection through the obligation not to cause significant harm and the principle of equitable utilisation
|
203 |
|
6.2.2 Increasing attention in legal instruments
|
205 |
|
6.3 Enforcing satisfaction of vital human needs
|
210 |
|
6.3.1 Enforcement of the human right to water
|
210 |
|
6.3.2 Alternative enforcement avenues
|
214 |
|
6.3.3 International obligations under human rights law
|
215 |
|
6.4 Conclusion
|
219 |
|
7 Emerging international cooperation on global water challenges
|
221 |
|
7.1 Hydrologic effects of climate change
|
222 |
|
7.2 Appreciation of hydrologic variability in international water law
|
224 |
|
7.2.1 Flexibility in principle(s)
|
224 |
|
7.2.2 The role of treaties in facilitating flexibility to adjust for hydrologic variability
|
226 |
|
7.2.3 Norms and mechanisms facilitating adaptation
|
227 |
|
7.3 Appreciation of water (law) in climate change law
|
235 |
|
7.3.1 Lack of recognition?
|
235 |
|
7.3.2 The UNFCCC framework
|
236 |
|
7.3.3 Differentiation as a challenge to cooperation
|
245 |
|
7.4 Conclusion: Complementarity of systems and consideration of the hydrologic cycle as a whole
|
248 |
|
Conclusion
|
251 |
|
Annex: Consideration of cooperation in international water treaties
|
258 |
|
Bibliography
|
299 |
|
Index
|
321 |
