Identifying the Enemy: Civilian Participation in Armed Conflict

International Law

Identifying the Enemy: Civilian Participation in Armed Conflict

By Emily Crawford
Oxford University Press July 2015

Specifications

ISBN-13
9780199678495
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Publication
July 2015
Format
Hardback
Jurisdiction
U.K. ? Countri(es) for reference only

Details

Over the past twenty-five years, significant changes in the conduct of wars have increasingly placed civilians in traditional military roles - employing civilians to execute drone strikes, the 'targeted killing' of suspected terrorists, the use of private security contractors in combat zones, and the spread of cyber attacks. Under the laws of armed conflict, civilians cannot be targeted unless they take direct part in hostilities. Once civilians take action, they become targets.

This book analyses the complex question of how to identify just who those civilians are. Identifying the Enemy examines the history of civilian participation in armed conflict and how the law has responded to such action. It asks the crucial question: what is 'direct participation in hostilities'?

The book slices through the attempts to untie this Gordian knot, and shows that the changing nature of warfare has called into question the very foundation of the civilian/military dichotomy that is at the heart of the law of armed conflict.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

PART ONE: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW RELATING TO CIVILIANS AND ARMED CONFLICTS
1. The General Rules on Civilians in Armed Conflicts - Civilian Immunity and the Principle of Distinction
2. International Law and the History of Civilian Participation in Armed Conflict
3. Direct Participation in Hostilities - Finding a Definition

PART TWO: CURRENT CHALLENGES TO THE LAW ON CIVILIANS AND ARMED CONFLICT
4. Targeted Killing
5. Remote Warfare: Drones and Cyber Warfare
6. Private Military and Security Companies
7. 'Criminal' Armed Conflict

PART THREE: CIVILIAN PARTICIPATION IN ARMED CONFLICT AND THE LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY
8. The Way Forward - How Can International Law Effectively Deal with Civilians Who Take Direct Part in Hostilities

CONCLUSIONS - WHERE TO FROM HERE?
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