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Illegal Peace in Africa An Inquiry into the Legality of Power Sharing with Warlords, Rebels, and Junta

By Jeremy I. Levitt
Cambridge University Press March 2012

Specifications

ISBN-13
9780521888684
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Publication
March 2012
Format
Hardback , 314 pages
Jurisdiction
Africa ? Countri(es) for reference only

Details

African states have become testing grounds for Western conflict-resolution experiments, particularly power-sharing agreements, supposedly intended to end deadly conflict, secure peace and build democracy in divided societies. This volume examines the legal and political efficacy of transitional political power-sharing between democratically constituted governments and the African warlords, rebels, or junta that seek to violently unseat them. What role does law indicate for itself to play in informing, shaping and regulating peace agreements? This book addresses this question and others through the prism of three West African case studies: Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau. It applies the neo-Kadeshean model of analysis and offers a framework for a 'Law on Power-sharing'. In a field dominated by political scientists, and drawing from ancient and contemporary international law, this book represents the first substantive legal critique of the law, practice and politics of power-sharing.

• Presents a multidisciplinary study drawing from law, political science and history

• Provides the first substantive inquiry into the legality of peace agreements, particularly political power-sharing

• Addresses this issue and others through the prism of three West African case studies: Liberia, Sierra Leone and Guinea-Bissau

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
ix
1       Introduction
1
A.      The Neo-Kadeshean Model
7
B.      The Focus and Structure of This Volume
16
2       Legalizing Peace
24
A.      The Utility of Law in Peacemaking
24
B.      Legal Order versus Legal Realism in Africa
29
C.      Law versus Politics in War
34
3       The Question of Power Sharing
38
A.      Power Sharing and the Rule of Law
38
B.      Arguments for Power Sharing
43
C.      Arguments against Power Sharing
46
D.      Conclusion
50
4       The Conflicts in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau
52
A.      Why Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau?
52
B.      Conflict and State Collapse
57
C.      Intervention and Peacemaking
68
D.      Conclusion
76
5       The Accra, Lomé, and Abuja Accords
77
A.      Cease-Fire
79
B.      Military
79
C.      Human Rights
81
D.      Implementation
83
E.      Power Sharing
85
F.      Conclusion
96
6       The Domestic Legality of Power Sharing
97
A.      State Authority
99
B.      Fundamental Rights
103
C.      Executive and Legislative Powers
108
D.      Conclusion
120
7       The Regional Legality of Power Sharing
123
A.      African Union Law and Practice
130
B.      Economic Community of West African States Law and Practice
138
C.      Conclusion
143
8       The International Legality of Power Sharing
145
A.      United Nations Law and Practice
145
B.      Other International Law and Practice
159
C.      Conclusion
166
9       Postscript: Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea-Bissau
168
A.      Post-Accra: Peace and Instability
169
B.      Post-Lomé: Conflict and Justice
181
C.      Post-Abuja: Coups and Uprisings
189
D.      Conclusion
203
10      No Law, No Peace
207
A.      The Necessity of Law in Power Sharing
207
B.      Making Legal Peace: Law, Power Sharing, and International Institutions
210
C.      Toward a Law of Power Sharing
223
11      Conclusion
244
Bibliography
251
Index
289

About the Author

Jeremy I. Levitt
Florida A&M University, College of Law

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