International Agency and Distribution Law, 3rd Edition

Argentina
Definitions
General Environment for Agents
Rights and Duties of the Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Remediable or Non-Remediable, Fundamental or Non-Fundamental Breaches
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Distribution

Austria
Introduction
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Belgium
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Termination
European Law
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Execution of Exclusive Sales Distribution Contract
Termination of Exclusive Sales Distribution Contract for Indefinite Term
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues

Brazil
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Bulgaria
General Environement for Agents
Formation of the Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Distribution
Formation of Distribution Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Canada
General Environment for Agents
Rights and Duties of Agents and Principals
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Intellectual Property
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination of a Distributorship
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

China
Introduction
General Environment for Agents
Formation of the Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Introduction
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of a Distribution Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Colombia
Environment for Agents
General Business Climate, Business and Trade Licensing
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Costa Rica
General Environment for Agents
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition
Taxation
Litigation
Product Liability
Conclusion

Cyprus
Introduction
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
Competition Law
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Distributorship

Czech Republic
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Denmark
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
 

Ecuador
General Environment for Agents
Establishment of an Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Issues Submissable to Arbitration
Product Liability

Egypt
Introduction
Formal Requirements and Qualifications for Distributors and Agents
General Duties and Powers of Agents, Distributors and Principals
Procedural and Drafting Considerations for Agreements with Agents and Distributors

England and Wales
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Appendix

Estonia
Introduction
Formation of Agency and Distributor Relationships, Operational Aspects and Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues

European Union
Introduction
Agency
Distribution
Conclusion

Finland
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation

France
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Germany
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Libaility

Greece
Introduction
Agency
Distributorship

Hungary
Introduction
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distribution Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Indonesia
Introduction
Formation of an Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of the Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Ireland
Introduction
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Compensation Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Israel
Introduction
Law of Agency
Formation of Agency and Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Law of Distributorship
National Competition Law

Italy
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Functioning of the Agent-Principal Relationship
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Kenya
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

 Latvia
Introduction
Agency Relationship
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Distribution Relationship
Formation of Distribution Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Taxation
Litigation Issues

Lithuania
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
Product Liability

Luxembourg
Introduction
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
National Competition Law
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Malaysia
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues Product Liability

Mexico
Introduction
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Litigation Issues

Netherlands
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Appendix 1
Appendix 2

New Zealand
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Norway
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
National Competiton Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Peru
Agency
Distributorship

Philippines
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Portugal
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distribution Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Romania
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationships
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributor Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Russia
Introduction
Formation of an Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Distributorship

Scotland
General Environment for Agents
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law

Singapore
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
Unfair Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Distinction between Distributor and Agent
Commercial Considerations: Agent or Distributor?
Formation of the Distributorship Relationship
Common Terms in a Distribution Agreement
Prohibited and Unfair Trade Practices
Resolution of Disputes Arising from the Distribution Agreement
Consumer Protection and Product Liability
Fiscal Matters

Spain
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Operational Aspects
Termination
Product Liability

Sweden
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Product Liability

Switzerland
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Appendix

Thailand
Agency
General Environment
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Distributorship
General Environment
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Litigation Flow Chart of Pre-Trial Proceedings

Ukraine
Introduction
General Business Climate, Business and Trade Licensing
Product Licensing
Import Regime, Customs, and Duties
Exchange Control
Tax Regime
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Sales Quotas
Failue to Exploit Agency
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Legislation on Competition
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
Distributors
Operational Aspects
Orders, Delivery Timetables, and Assurances
Reimbursement of Distributor's Expenses
Termination
Intellectual Property
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

United States
General Environment for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Venezuela
General Environemt for Agents
Formation of Agency Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability
General Environment for Distributors
Formation of Distributorship Relationship
Operational Aspects
Termination
Intellectual Property
National Competition LAw
Taxation
Litigation Issues
Product Liability

Vietnam
Introduction
General Environment for Agents 
General Business Climate, Business and Trade Licensing 
Formation of Agency Relationship 
Mandatory, Prohibited or Reserved Activities or Purposes 
Operational Aspects 
Termination
Intellectual Property
Duty to Protect Confidentiality and Prosecuting Infringements 
Liability for Infringements and Indemnity
National Competition Law
Taxation 
Litigation Issues 
Product Liability 
Types of Distributor 
General Business Climate, Business and Trade Licensing 
Product Licensing 
Formation of Distributor Relationship 
Capacity of Parties and Registration or Licensing of Distributor or
Supplier
Express or Implicit Agreements
Formalities of Agreement 
Operational Aspects 
Termination
Compensation for Lost Profits 
Goodwill Interest Payments 
Return of Stock, Publicity Material, Books and Other Documents
Intellectual Property
National Competition Law
Exclusive Markets and Territories 
Taxation 
Litigation Issues

General Editor:

Professor Dennis Campbell is the Director of the Center for International Legal Studies (CILS) in Salzburg, Austria, and teaches as an adjunct Professor at Suffolk University Law School. He is the former Director of International Programs and Professor of Law at University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. He has lectured at Stockholm University, Helsinki University, Salzburg University, National University of Taiwan, Warsaw University, and Jagiellonian University. He is a member of the New York State Bar and the Iowa State Bar and is a former Assistant Secretary of the California State Senate.

The Center for International Legal Studies promotes the dissemination of information among members of the international legal community, through research and publication projects, post-graduate and professional training programs, and academic seminars, professional symposia and continuing legal education conferences. Nearly 5,000 lawyers worldwide have been designated as Fellows of the CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES in recognition of their contributions to its programs. The Center provides observers on a regular basis at meetings of UNCITRAL and its Working Groups in Vienna and New York.

Contributors:

Introduction - Dennis Campbell, Center for International Legal Studies

Argentina - Mario Eduardo Castro Sammartino, Castro Sammartino & Pierini

Austria - Alexander Klauser and Bernhard Girsch, Brauneis, Klauser & Prändl and Peter Polak and Jakob Molzbichler, Fiebinger, Polak, Leon & Partner, Rechtsanwälte GmbH

Belgium - Joanna Kraus-Kolber, Strelia

Brazil - Roberto Trigueiro Fontes and Rodrigo Cesar Caldas de Sá, Trigueiro Fontes – Advogados

Bulgaria - Milena Rizova and Peter Boyukliev, Yordanova, Rizova and Partners

Canada - Richard R Wozenilek, Keel Cottrelle LLP

China - Peter Jiang, C&M (China) Law Offices

Colombia - José Francisco Mafla, Brigard & Urrutia

Costa Rica - Humberto Pacheco A. and Abraham Stern, Sfera Legal 

Cyprus - Elias Neocleous & Co LLC

Czech Republic - Marek Bednář, Glatzová & Co and Vit Horáček, Dr. Vit Horáček, Lawyer

Denmark - Steen Rosenfalck, ebl miller rosenfalck

Ecuador - Jorge Cevallos J. and Rodrigo Jijon L., Pérez Bustamante & Ponce

Egypt - Nouran Shaaban, Azmi & Associates

England and Wales - Steen Rosenfalck, ebl miller rosenfalck

Estonia - Aet Bergmann, bnt attorneys-at-law Advokaadibüroo OÜ

European Union - Héctor Jausàs and Maria Cedó, Fieldfisher JAUSAS  

Finland - Peter Anthoni, Bützow Nordia

France - Mark Henderson, Clifford Chance

Germany - Rolf Trittmann, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer

Greece - John Dryllerakis, Dryllerakis & Associates

Hungary - Gyula Gábriel, Bogsch & Partners

Indonesia - Helena Adnan, Adnan Kelana Haryanto & Hermanto

Ireland - LK Shields Solicitors, Dublin

Israel - Barry Levenfeld and Yoheved Novogroder-­Shoshan, Yigal Arnon & Co.

Italy - Maurizio Bernardi, Pirola Pennuto Zei & Associati

Kenya - Hamilton Harrison & Mathews

Latvia - Indra Simsone, bnt attorneys-at-law

Lithuania - Vaidotas Puklevicius, Bernotas & Dominas Glimstedt

Luxembourg - Katia Manhaeve, Allen & Overy and Nathalie Hilgert and Thierry Schiltz, Magistrates Luxembourg

Malaysia - Samuel SC Hong, Zain & Co

Mexico - Juan Francisco Torres Landa R and Karla Rabasa A., Hogan Lovells

The Netherlands - Michiel Bijloo, Jeroen Bedaux, Maarten Hoelen and Martje Kiers, Baker & McKenzie

New Zealand - Philip Wood, Buddle Findlay

Norway - Jørgen Stang Heffermehl, Advokatfirmaet Simonsen

Peru - Alfred Kossuth, Ferrero, Lema, Solari & Santivánez

The Philippines - Philip Sifrid Alfaro Fortun, Mylene Marcia-Creencia, and Bayani B Loste, Fortun Narvasa & Salazar

Portugal - Ana Maria Santos Reis and Ricardo Soures Domingos, Noronha Advogados and Vera Helena De Moraes Dantas, Noronha Advogados

Romania - Anca Irena Tudorie and Miha Romeo Nicolescu, Popovici & Asociatii SCPA

Scotland - Simon T D Brown, Anderson Strathern

Singapore - Ponnampalam Sivakumar, Ella Cheong & Mirandah

Spain - Juan Escudero Herreros, Estudio Jurídico Almagro

Sweden - Claes Langenius and Per Gustafsson, Hammarskiöld & Co

Switzerland - Elisa Aliotta, Adrian Bieri, and Alain Villard, Bratschi AG

Thailand - Boonchoo Yensabai, Boonchoo & Glickman Ltd

Ukraine - Anna V Tsyrat, Jurvneshservice Law Firm

United States - H Stephen Harris, Jr., Alston & Bird

Venezuela - Carlos Eduardo Acedo, Mendoza, Palacios, Acedo, Borjas, Páez Pumar & Cía

Vietnam - Sesto E Vecchi and Chu Bao Khanh, Russin & Vecchi

Appendix - Michael L Weissman, Holland & Knight LLC