International Employment Law, 2nd Edition

Argentina
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement and Pensions
Summary of Social Cost
Conclusion

Australia
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Miscellaneous Employment Issues 
Conclusion 

Austria
Introduction
Employment Agreement and Employment Relationships
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Workers' Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Dispute Settlement
Termination of Employment 
Social Insurance
Wages and Collateral Costs 
Conclusion

Bulgaria
Government Attitude toward Regulation of Employment
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement, Social Security and Health Care, or Old Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs

Canada
Introduction
Legal Relationships of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement, Healthcare, Old Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Conclusion

Chile
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Subcontracting and Personnel Supply
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Workers' Compensation Benefits
Summary of Social Security Costs
Termination of Employment
Dispute Resolution

China
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security, Healthcare, and Old Age Pensions 
Future Outlook

Colombia
Introduction
Labor Contact
Obligations of the Employer
Right and Obligations of the Employee 
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Suspension of the Contract
Termination of the Labor Contract
Collective Labor Law

Costa Rica
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Work Hours
Collective Bargaining 
Termination
Dispute Resolution
Social Security and Health Care System
Work Force 
Implementation and Enforcement of Labor Legislation 

Cyprus
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security and Healthcare, and Old Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Conclusion 

Czech Republic
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Termination of Employment 

Dominican Republic
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security, Healthcare, and Pensions
Conclusion

Egypt
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Collective Bargaining and Employee Participation in Management
Termination
Retirement, Social Security, and Old Age Pension
Social Costs

France
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Agreements and Worker Participation in Management 
Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace 
Workers' Compensation and Survival Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Old-Age Pensions and Healthcare 
Summary of Social Costs
Whistle Blowing 
Conclusion 

Germany
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation
Health and Safety in the Workplace
Termination of Employment 
Dispute Resolution
Retirement, Social Security, Healthcare, and Old Age Pension

Greece
Introduction
Parties to the Contract of Employment
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Health and Safety and the Workplace
Termination of Employment 
Transfers of Undertakings
Privacy Laws in the Workplace
Conclusion

Hungary
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security, Healthcare, and Old Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Conclusion

Iran
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement, Social Security, Healthcare, and Old Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Conclusion

Ireland
Introduction 
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee 
Terms and Conditions of Employment Discrimination 
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management 
Health and Safety Protection in Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution 
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, or Social Security and Health Care, or Old-Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs 
Conclusion

Israel
Introduction 
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management 
Health and Safety Protection in Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits 
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement, Social Security, Old Age Pensions, and Health Care 
Summary of Social Costs

Italy
Introduction
Immigration Requirements for Foreign Workers
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Workers' Participation
Health and Safety in the Workplace
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Health Care, and Old Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs and Taxes
Collection of Employee Data 

Latvia
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employee and Employer
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace 
Workers' Compensation 
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
State Social Insurance Program
Conclusion

Luxembourg
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining 
Health and Safety in the Workplace
Employees' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Social Security

Malaysia
Introduction
Government Attitude towards Regulation of Employment
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Collective Agreements
Health and Safety at the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security, Health Care, Pensions, and Social Costs

Mexico
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining
Health and Safety in the Workplace
Employees' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement Benefits and Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Workmen's Compensation for Occupational Hazards
Conclusion 

The Netherlands
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining
Health and Safety and Working Hours
Termination of Employment
Summary Dismissal

New Zealand
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefit 
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 

Northern Ireland
Introduction
Enforcement of Employment Rights and Dispute Resolution 
Fair Employment and Discrimination
Equality Commission
Codes of Practice 
Affirmative Action
Statutory Questionnaire
Fair Employment Tribunal
Race Discrimination
Statutory Disciplinary and Grievance Procedures

The Philippines
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Workers' Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace 
Workmen's Compensation and Survivors' Benefits 
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security, Healthcare, and Old Age Pensions 
Summary of Costs
Conclusion

Poland
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employers and Employees
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Conclusion

Romania
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimnation
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in Workplace
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement, Social Security, Health Care, and Old-Age Pensions
Conclusion

Russia
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivor Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
National Unemployment Insurance
Retirement, Social Security and Health Care, and Old Age Pensions
Conclusion

Slovak Republic
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employers and Employees
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Vocational Training
Change of Type of Work and Location
Termination of Employment
Collective Labor Law

South Africa
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining 
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement
Conclusion

Spain
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining Agreement and Workers' Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security, and Health Care, and Pensions 
Conclusion 

Sweden
Introduction
Legal Relationship between Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management 
Health and Safety in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Healthcare, and Old Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Conclusion 

Switzerland
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Social Security 
Conclusion 

Thailand
Introduction
Legal Definition of Employment
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement, Social Security and Health Care, Old-Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Conclusion

Trinidad and Tobago
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment
Retirement, Social Security and Health Care, Old-Age Pensions
Summary of Social Costs
Conclusion

United Kingdom
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment 
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management 
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination of Employment 
Retirement, Social Security, Health Care, and Old Age Pensions
Summary of Taxation and Social Costs

United States of America
Introduction
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protections in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation and Survivors' Benefits
Dispute Resolution
Termination
Retirement, Social Security, Health Care, and Pension Plans
Social Costs
Other Laws Relevant to the Employment Relationship
Conclusion

Vietnam
Introduction
Legal Relationship of Employer and Employee
Terms and Conditions of Employment
Discrimination
Collective Bargaining and Worker Participation in Management
Health and Safety Protection in the Workplace
Workers' Compensation
Dispute Resolution
Termination
Retirement
Employer and Employee Contributions
Conclusion

About the Editor:

Professor Dennis Campbell is the Director of the Center for International Legal Studies (CILS) in Salzburg, Austria, and teaches as an adjunct Professor at Suffolk University Law School. He is the former Director of International Programs and Professor of Law at University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. He has lectured at Stockholm University, Helsinki University, Salzburg University, National University of Taiwan, Warsaw University, and Jagiellonian University. He is a member of the New York State Bar and the Iowa State Bar and is a former Assistant Secretary of the California State Senate.

The Center for International Legal Studies promotes the dissemination of information among members of the international legal community, through research and publication projects, post-graduate and professional training programs, and academic seminars, professional symposia and continuing legal education conferences. Nearly 5,000 lawyers worldwide have been designated as Fellows of the CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES in recognition of their contributions to its programs. The Center provides observers on a regular basis at meetings of UNCITRAL and its Working Groups in Vienna and New York.

Contributors Include:

Argentina - Javier E. Patrón and Enrique M. Stile, Marval, O'Farrell & Mairal, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Australia - Joseph Catanzariti, Clayton Utz, Sydney New South Wales, Australia

Austria - Hans Bichler and Edgar Zrzavy, Bichler & Zrzavy, Vienna, Austria

Bulgaria - Violeta Kirova, Boyanov & Co., Attorneys at Law, Sofia, Bulgaria

Canada - Roy L. Heenan and Thomas E.F. Brady, Heenan Blaikie LLP, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Chile - Paulina Miranda and Oscar Aitken, Carey y Cia., Santiago, Chile

China - Wei Shen, Professor of Law, KoGuan Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong, University, Shanghai, China

Colombia - Natalia Tobón, Cavelier Abogados, Bogotá, Colombia

Costa Rica - Miguel Ruiz Herrera, Lex Counsel, San José, Costa Rica

Cyprus - Christophoros Christophi, Christophi & Associates, Nicosia, Cyprus

Czech Republic - Stephan Heidenhain, bnt - pravda & partner, v.o.s., Prague, Czech Republic

Dominican Republic - Isabel L. Andrickson Martinez, Amelle Ortiz, Luis Pellerano, Pellerano & Herrera, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Egypt - Karim A. Azmi and Muhammad Abd Elnasser, Azmi & Associates, Cairo, Egypt

France - Roselyn Sands, Ernst & Young Société d'Avocats, Paris, France

Germany - Regina Glaser, Dirk W. Kolvenbach, Heuking Kühn Lüer Wojtek, Düsseldorf, Germany

Greece - Christina Vlachtsis, M. & P. Bernitsas Law Offices, Athens, Greece

Hungary - Hédi Bozsonyik and Adrienn Tar, Szecskay Attorneys at Law, Budapest, Hungary

Iran - Mehrnaz Mehrabi, Mehrnaz Mehrabi & Associates, Tehran, Iran

Ireland - Sinead Grace, A & L Goodbody Solicitors, Dublin, Ireland

Israel - Russell D. Mayer, Livnat, Mayer & Co., Jerusalem, Israel

Italy - Tiziano Membri, Danovi & Giorgianni Attorneys-at-Law, Milan, Italy

Latvia - Annija Melko, Kronbergs & Cukste, Riga, Latvia

Luxembourg - Michel Molitor and Laurent Fisch, Molitor Avocats à la Cour, Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Malaysia - Anand Ponnudurai, Bodipalar Ponnudurai de Silva, Kuala Lumpur and Gerard Louis Ambrose, Chooi & Company, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mexico - Luis Adrián Rosas O., Juan Francisco Torres Landa R., Mary Carmen Fuertes A., Barrera, Siqueiros y Torres Landa, S.C., Mexico, D.F., Mexico

The Netherlands - Martijn van Broeckhuijsen and Vincent Gerlach, Linklaters LLP, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

New Zealand - Jennifer Mills, Minter Ellison Rudd Watts, Auckland, New Zealand

Northern Ireland - Michael Black, Cleaver Fulton Rankin, Northern Ireland

The Philippines - Marcial de la Fuente, Angara Abello Concepcion Regala & Cruz Law Offices, Metro Manila, Philippines

Poland - Aleksandra Auleytner, Katarzyna Dobkowska, and Zuzanna Rosner, Domanski Zakrzewski Palinka sp. K., Warsaw, Poland

Romania - Delia Băroianu, Nicoleta Bedrosian, and Carmen Tufariu, Ligia Cătuna Law Office, Timişoara, Romania

Russia - Marina Abramova and Evgeny Kalinin, Andrey Gorodissky & Partners, Moscow, Russia

Slovak Republic - Katarína Babiaková, bnt - Sovova Chudácková & Partner, s.r.o., Bratislava, Slovakia

South Africa, Susan Stelzner, Stuart William Harrison, and Brian Patterson, Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs Inc., Cape Town, South Africa

Spain - Vidal Galindo Ferrero, Gómez-Acebo & Pombo Abogados, Madrid, Spain

Sweden - Ann-Charlotte Nordenström, Advokatfirman AC Nordenström AB, Stockholm, Sweden

Switzerland - Markus Dörig, Badertscher Rechtsanwälte, Zurich, Switzerland

Thailand - Pimvimol (June) Vipamaneerut, David Duncan, and Chitchai Punsan, Tilleke & Gibbins, Bangkok, Thailand

Trinidad and Tobago - Gregory Pantin and Catherine Ramnarine, M Hamel-Smith and Co., Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago

United Kingdom - David Whincup, Annabel Mace, and Aredhel Darnley, Squire Sanders (UK) LLP, London, England

United States of America - Jay Thomas Youngdahl and Colleen A. Youngdahl, Houston, Texas

Vietnam - Tu Ngoc Trinh and Dzung Nguyen, Tilleke & Gibbins, Hanoi, Vietnam