Preface
The Heinz Case Study
How This Book is Structured
Part I: Leveraged Buyout Overview
Chapter 1: Leveraged Buyout Theory
Cash Availability, Interest, and Debt Pay Down
Operation Improvements
What Is a Good Leveraged Buyout?
Is Heinz a Leveraged Buyout?
Chapter 2: What is Value?
Book Value
Market Value
Enterprise Value
Multiples
Three Core Methods of Valuation
Chapter 3: Leveraged Buyout Analysis
Purchase Price
Sources and Uses of Funds
IRR Analysis
Part II: Leveraged Buyout Full Scale Model
Chapter 4: Assumptions
Chapter 5: The Income Statement
Revenue
Cost of Goods Sold
Operating Expenses
Other Income
Depreciation and Amortization
Interest
Taxes
Non-Recurring and Extraordinary Items
Distributions
Shares
Heinz Income Statement
Last Twelve Months (LTM)
Income Statement – Making Projections
Chapter 6: Cash Flow Statement
Cash from Operating Activities
Cash from Investing Activities
Cash from Financing Activities
Heinz Cash Flow Statement
Heinz Cash Flow Last Twelve Months (LTM)
Cash Flow Statement – Making Projections
Chapter 7: The Balance Sheet
Assets
Liabilities
Heinz’s Balance Sheet
Chapter 8: Balance Sheet Adjustments
Heinz Balance Sheet Adjustments
Chapter 9: Depreciation Schedule
Straight Line Depreciation
Accelerated Depreciation
Deferred Taxes
Projecting Depreciation
Amortization
Deferred Taxes
Chapter 10: Working Capital
Asset
Current Asset
Liability
Operating Working Capital
Heinz’s Operating Working Capital
Projecting Operating Working Capital
Operating Working Capital and the Cash Flow Statement
Chapter 11: Balance Sheet Projections
Balancing an Unbalanced Balance Sheet
Chapter 12: Debt Schedule and Circular References
Debt Schedule Structure
Modeling the Debt Schedule
Circular References
Automatic Debt Paydowns
Basic Switches
Finalizing the Model
Chapter 13: Leveraged Buyout Returns
Exit Multiples
Returns to 3G
EBITDA Improvements
Conclusion
Part III: Advanced LBOs
Chapter 14: Accelerated Depreciation
MACRS
Accelerated vs. Straight Line Depreciation
Chapter 15: Preferred Securities, Dividends, and Returns to Berkshire Hathaway
Preferred Securities
Preferred Dividends
Returns to Berkshire Hathaway
Chapter 16: Debt Covenant Ratios, and Debt Fee Amortization
Coverage Ratios
Leverage Ratios
Debt Fee Capitalization and Amortization
Chapter 17: Paid in Kind Securities
Chapter 18: Closing Adjustments
Appendices
Appendix 1: Model Quick Steps
Appendix 2 – Financial Statement Flows
Appendix 3 – Excel Hotkeys
About the Companion Website
About the Author
Index