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This timely book provides a cutting-edge assessment of how the dynamic ocean regions at the highest latitudes on Earth are being managed in an era of unprecedented environmental change. The Arctic and Southern Oceans are experiencing transformative environmental change as a result of climate change and ocean acidification. As areas of unparalleled environmental, cultural and scientific value, they are crucibles for testing how integrated, eco-systemic governance frameworks can be developed to meet and address volatile environmental, political and economic challenges.
Drawing especially on Australian and Canadian experiences in polar oceans management through multilateral global and regional institutions, the book identifies policy options for improving the governance of the Arctic and Southern Oceans. In offering a pioneering ‘bipolar’ assessment of environmental management at both polar regions, this important book will be an essential resource for policy-makers, scholars and students actively engaged in discussion and debate on the future of polar oceans governance in the Anthropocene.
Stephens
Foreword
Tony Press
Foreword
Bernie Funston
Preface
Map One. Maritime Jurisdiction and Boundaries in the Arctic Region
Map Two. Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
1. Polar Oceans Governance: Shifting Seascapes, Hazy Horizons
Tim Stephens and David L. VanderZwaag
PART I: ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE POLAR OCEANS
2. Environmental Change and Governance Challenges in the Southern Ocean
Marcus Haward and Julia Jabour
3. Environmental Change in the Arctic Region
Lorne Kriwoken
PART II: GEOSTRATEGIC DYNAMICS IN THE POLAR OCEANS
4. Rising Temperatures, Rising Tensions: Power Politics and Regime Building in the Arctic
Rob Huebert
5. Power Politics in the Antarctic Treaty System
Melissa Weber
PART III: RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, SOVEREIGNTY AND JURISDICTION – BIPOLAR PERSPECTIVES
6. Is Joint Development Possible in the Arctic?
Rizal Abdul Kadir
7. From Hydrocarbons to Psychrophiles: The ‘Scramble’ for Antarctic and Arctic Resources
David Leary
8. Polar Continental Shelves: Australian and Canadian Challenges and Opportunities
Tim Stephens
9. The IMO’s PSSA Mechanism and the Debate over the Northwest Passage
Suzanne Lalonde
PART IV: DEVELOPING NATIONAL AND FOREIGN POLICY RESPONSES
10. Inuit Perspectives on the Governance in the Canadian Arctic
Shelley Wright
11. Arctic Climate Governance: Can the Canary in the Coal Mine Lift Canada’s Head out of the Sand(s)?
Meinhard Doelle
12. Coastal State Jurisdiction and the Polar Code: A Test Case for Oceans Governance?
Rosemary Rayfuse
13. Canada, the United States and International Law of the Sea in the Arctic Ocean
Ted L. McDorman
14. Middle Powers and Oceans Policy: Australian Perspectives on Antarctic Competition and Cooperation
Donald R. Rothwell
PART V: THE FUTURE OF POLAR OCEANS GOVERNANCE
15. The Durability of the ‘Antarctic Model’ and Southern Ocean Governance
Ruth Davis
16. The Arctic Council and the Future of Arctic Ocean Governance: Edging Forward in a Sea of Governance Challenges
David L. VanderZwaag
Index
Edited by Tim Stephens, Faculty of Law, University of Sydney, Australia and David L. VanderZwaag, Marine and Environmental Law Institute, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University, Canada
‘As climate change thrusts the Arctic and Antarctic towards the top of the global political agenda, this timely collection provides a broad overview of the issues, the options, and the rules and institutions that are already in place.’
– Michael Byers, University of British Columbia, Canada and author of International Law and the Arctic
‘While at opposite ends of the earth, the shared characteristics of the Arctic and Antarctic are identified by this multidisciplinary collection of essays. Both regions need effective, flexible governance – whether through the Antarctic Treaty System or the Arctic Council – if they are to respond to the challenges of commercialisation of hydrocarbons, climate change and the marine environment. Internationally recognized scholars grapple with the global politics of the polar regions, the perspectives of the Inuit people and the role of joint development. This invaluable, well-researched and stimulating collection clarifies the geopolitical and socio-economic dynamics of some of the world’s most fragile and vulnerable environments.’
– Gillian Triggs, Australian Human Rights Commission
