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Regulating Trade in Services in the EU and the WTO

Regulating Trade in Services in the EU and the WTO Trust, Distrust and Economic Integration

  • Author:
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN: 9781107008649
  • Published In: March 2012
  • Format: Hardback , 514 pages
  • Jurisdiction: European Union ? Disclaimer:
    Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only
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    This volume assesses the viability of various theories of economic integration that take into account the legal, economic, political and social challenges of incorporating free trade with retaining the plurality of social welfare standards and consumer protection. Chapters cover the governance of trade in services at the European and global level; studies on the recent Services Directive and how this interacts with the principle of managed mutual recognition and harmonization in different sectors of trade in services (social services, financial services); the recent case law of the European Courts on the enforcement of the principle of free movement of services and how this accommodates various national public interest concerns; and the interaction of the freedom to provide services with fundamental rights, including social rights. The operation of the principle of managed mutual recognition in other economic integration regimes, in particular in the context of the WTO, is also discussed.

    • Engages with recent and complex case law of the European courts on the regulation of trade in services

    • Builds an overall theory of economic integration that provides a critical analysis of the EU services directive and subsequent legislative developments

    • Discusses the tensions between regulatory pluralism and regional or international trade regimes

  • List of contributors
    xi
    Acknowledgments
    xiii
    List of abbreviation
    xiv
    Table of cases
    xvi
    Introduction
    Ioannis Lianos and Okeoghene Odudu
    1
    Part I    The ‘trust’ theory of integration
    15
    1         Trust, distrust and economic integration: setting the stage
    Ioannis Lianos and Johannes Le Blanc
    17
    1.        Introduction
    17
    2.        ‘Economic integration’ beyond functionalism
    20
    3.        Two views of economic integration: efficient organizational creation and increasing levels of trust
    41
    Part II   Unpacking the premises: mutual recognition, harmonization
    57
    2         Forms of mutual recognition in the field of services
    Vassilis Hatzopoulos
    59
    1.        Introduction
    59
    2.        Are services different from goods concerning mutual recognition?
    60
    3.        Conceptual background
    68
    4.        Practicalities
    77
    5.        Enhanced (managed) mutual recognition
    86
    6.        Conclusion
    97
    3         Trust and mutual recognition in the Services Directive
    Gareth Davies
    99
    1.        Introduction
    99
    2.        The Services Directive
    101
    3.        The problems of the Single Market for services
    102
    4.        The Services Directive as a regime for free movement and regulatory competition
    110
    5.        The Services Directive as a mechanism for inter-State cooperation
    114
    6.        Conclusions
    119
    4         Mutual recognition in the global trade regime: lessons from the EU experience
    Wolfgang Kerber and Roger Van den Bergh
    121
    1.        Introduction
    121
    2.        The principle of mutual recognition: theoretical analysis and the experiences within the EU
    127
    3.        Application of the principle of mutual recognition on the global level: some conclusions
    142
    5         Public procurement and public services in the EU
    Chris Bovis
    147
    1.        Introduction
    147
    2.        Public services under EU law
    149
    3.        The legal treatment of the financing of public services
    157
    4.        Conclusions
    168
    Part III  The interaction between pluralism, trust and economic integration
    171
    6         Shifting narratives in European economic integration: trade in services, pluralism and trust
    Ioannis Lianos and Damien M. B. Gerard
    173
    1.        Introduction
    173
    2.        The affirmation of pluralistic concerns in EU Internal Market law
    175
    3.        Pluralism, economic integration and the emergence of an ethos of mutual trust
    206
    4.        Conclusion
    259
    7         Trusting the Poles? Mark 2: towards a regulatory peace theory in a world of mutual recognition
    Kalypso Nicolaïdis
    263
    1.        Introduction
    263
    2.        Trusting the Poles? Constructing Europe through mutual recognition
    265
    3.        Questions for a regulatory peace theory
    285
    Part IV   Private parties and the economic integration process
    299
    8         Who’s afraid of the total market? On the horizontal application of the free movement provisions in EU law
    Harm Schepel
    301
    1.        Introduction
    301
    2.        The institutional limitation: ‘non-governmental regulatory bodies’
    303
    3.        The substantive limitation: ‘direct discrimination’
    307
    4.        The procedural alternative? Indirect effect
    310
    5.        The cushion: the justification regime
    313
    6.        Conclusion
    315
    9         The EU Services Directive and the mandate for the creation of professional codes of conduct
    Panagiotis Delimatsis
    317
    1.        Introduction
    317
    2.        Setting the scene: the Services Directive
    319
    3.        The mandate for the creation of pan-European codes of conduct
    321
    4.        Applicability of Articles 49 and 56 TFEU to private action
    334
    5.        The relevance of EU competition rules
    338
    6.        Conclusion
    344
    Part V    Seeds of distrust: regulatory competition and diversity in the social sphere
    347
    10        Transborder provision of services and ‘social dumping’: rights-based mutual trust in the establishment of the Internal Market
    Olivier De Schutter
    349
    1.        Introduction
    349
    2.        The provision of services and labour rights: stages of progress towards regulatory competition
    351
    3.        Regulatory competition and fundamental social rights
    365
    4.        Mutual trust in social Europe
    373
    5.        Conclusion
    378
    11        Reconceptualizing the constitution of Europe’s post-national constellation – by dint of conflict of laws
    Christian Joerges and Florian Rödl
    381
    1.        Introduction
    381
    2.        The conflicts-law approach to the European constellation
    384
    3.        Outlook
    399
    12        Fundamental rights as sources of trust and voices of distrust in the European Internal Market
    Antoine Bailleux
    401
    1.        Introduction
    401
    2.        Fundamental rights as sources of trust
    403
    3.        Fundamental rights as voices of distrust
    407
    4.        Conclusion
    411
    Part VI   Extensions: the relevance of the ‘trust theory’ of integration in the context of the WTO
    413
    13        I now recognize you (and only you) as equal: an anatomy of (mutual) recognition agreements in the GATS
    Juan A. Marchetti and Petros C. Mavroidis
    415
    1.        Introduction
    415
    2.        The basic economics of recognition
    416
    3.        The law regarding recognition
    421
    4.        Recognition in PTAs
    425
    5.        Recognition: an anatomy
    427
    6.        Concluding remarks
    443
    14        ‘Importing’ regulatory standards and principles into WTO dispute settlement: the challenge of interpreting the GATS arrangements on telecommunications
    Robert Howse
    445
    1.        Introduction
    445
    2.        Systemic issues in the importation of norms through interpretation
    449
    3.        Telecommunications: the role of ITU standards
    459
    4.        Conclusion: the WTO’s absent administrative function and Global Administrative Law
    468
    Index
    471
  • Edited by Ioannis Lianos
    University College London

    Okeoghene Odudu
    Emmanuel College, Cambridge

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