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Sex in Peace Operations

Sex in Peace Operations

Author: Gabrielle Simm
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781107030329
Published In: April 2013
Format: Hardback , 247 pages
Jurisdiction: International ? Disclaimer:
Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only

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Gabrielle Simm's critical re-evaluation of sex between international personnel and local people examines the zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation and abuse and its international legal framework. Whereas most preceding studies of the issue have focused exclusively on military peacekeepers, Sex in Peace Operations also covers the private military contractors and humanitarian NGO workers who play increasingly important roles in peace operations. Informed by socio-legal studies, Simm uses three case studies (Bosnia, West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) to illustrate the extent of the problem and demonstrate that the problems of impunity for sexual crimes are not just a failure of political will but the result of the structural weaknesses of international law in addressing non-state actors. Combining the insights of feminist critique with a regulatory approach to international law, her conclusions will interest scholars of international law, peace and conflict studies, gender and sexuality, and development.

• Covers the main actors in peace operations, including humanitarian NGO workers and private military contractors in addition to the usual discussion of military peacekeepers • Takes a fresh approach to a long-standing problem by using the socio-legal approach of regulatory studies

• Sheds new light on the regulation of non-state actors by exploring how gender and sex affect regulation

Acknowledgments	vii
Table of cases	viii
Table of treaties and international instruments	x
List of abbreviations	xii
1 Introduction	1
1.1 DynCorp private military contractors in Bosnia	2
1.2 Context and scope	6
1.3 Why sex in peace operations? Why regulation?	11
1.4 A feminist regulatory framework	16
1.5 Chapter outline	21
2 Regulating peacekeeping: a feminist framework	24
2.1 Introduction	24
2.2 Peacekeeping	25
2.3 Feminist engagements	33
2.4 Regulatory studies	40
2.5 Conclusion	52
3 Law as regulation: jurisdiction, immunity and international responsibility	54
3.1 Introduction	54
3.2 Jurisdiction	56
3.3 Responsibility of states and international organisations	64
3.4 Immunity	77
3.5 Conclusion	85
4 ‘Above the law’: sex trafficking by private military contractors in Bosnia	88
4.1 Introduction	88
4.2 DynCorp contractors trafficking women into forced prostitution in Bosnia	90
4.3 Regulating PMSCs	95
4.4 Trafficking in persons	109
4.5 Conclusion	116
5 Aid for sex: humanitarian NGO workers in West Africa	119
5.1 Introduction	119
5.2 The West African ‘aid for sex’ scandal	121
5.3 Regulating humanitarian NGOs	124
5.4 Transactional sex	139
5.5 Conclusion	146
6 ‘Zero compliance with zero tolerance’: UN peacekeepers in the DRC	149
6.1 Introduction	149
6.2 The MONUC sex scandal	151
6.3 Regulating UN peacekeepers	158
6.4 Sexual abuse and sexual relationships	166
6.5 Conclusion	175
7 Conclusion	178
7.1 Introduction	178
7.2 Regulating sex in peace operations	179
7.3 The subjects of international law	184
7.4 Regulating international law	189
7.5 Sexing regulation	191
Bibliography	195
Index	222