Statehood Under Water: Challenges of Sea-Level Rise to the Continuity of Pacific Island States

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Statehood Under Water: Challenges of Sea-Level Rise to the Continuity of Pacific Island States

By Alejandra Torres Camprubi
Brill Nijhoff July 2016

Specifications

ISBN-13
9789004321601
Publisher
Brill Nijhoff
Publication
July 2016
Format
Hardback
Jurisdiction
Netherlands ? Countri(es) for reference only

Details

In Statehood under Water, Alejandra Torres Camprubí revisits the concept of statehood through an analysis on how sea-level rise and the Anthropocene challenge the territorial, demographical, and political dimensions of the State.

Closely examining the fight for survival undertaken by low-lying Pacific Island States, she engages with the legal and policy innovations necessary to address these new scenarios.

The monograph reacts against overly formal approaches to the law on statehood, and is devoted to the reconstruction of the context in which both the challenges, and the measures adopted to tackle them, are taking place. Progressively forged within the international community, it is the kind of political and ethical framework that will soon inform the potential transformation of the law on statehood.

Table of Contents

FOREWORD BY PROF. DAVID FREESTONE
PROLOGUE BY PROF. CARLOS ESPÓSITO MASSICCI
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LIST OF RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS AND NATIONAL LEGISLATION
LIST OF CASES
LIST OF ACRONYMS
LIST OF FIGURES

INTRODUCTION: THE LAW ON STATEHOOD IN THE ANTHROPOCENE
0.1. ‘Statehood under Water’: An Allegory of the Law on Statehood in the Anthropocene
0.2. Oscillation of the Law on Statehood: Between Stability and Flexibility
0.3. Changing Scales: From Climate Change to the Recognition of the Anthropocene

CHAPTER 1: THE CHALLENGE OF DE-TERRITORIALISATION
1.0. Introduction
1.1. Territorialisation of Nationhood: Fundamental Factor in the Creation of States
1.1.1. The Meaning of Territory at the Inception of the Modern European State
A. From Feudal Allegiance to the Westphalian Principle of Territorial Sovereignty
B. Pre-Charter Theories on the Legal Nature of State Territory
1.1.2. The Meaning of Territory in the Creation of Post-Colonial Pacific Island States
A. Decolonisation and the Creation of Pacific Island States
B. Newly Independent Micro-States in the United Nations
1.2. Partial De-territorialisation: Maritime Spaces in Jeopardy
1.2.1. Effects of Coastal Geographical Changes on Maritime Rights
A. Sea-Level Rise and Undelimited Maritime Boundaries
B. Sea-Level Rise and Maritime Delimitation Agreements
1.2.2. Reactions to the Loss of Maritime Spaces
A. Protecting the Coasts
B. ‘Freezing’ the Baselines
1.3. Total De-territorialisation: From State Continuity to New Forms of Subjectivity
1.3.1. Applying New Strategies: ‘Re-territorialisation’
A. Cession or Purchase of Land from another State
B. Merger with another State
1.3.2. Coining a New Category: De-territorialised Pacific Island States
A. The Holy See and the Order of Malta: Existing Forms of ‘Non-State Sovereign Entities’
B. Towards the Recognition of ‘Water States’?
1.4. Conclusions

CHAPTER 2: THE CHALLENGE OF DE-POPULATION
2.0. Introduction
2.1. The Facts: Climate-Induced Relocation in and among Pacific Island States
2.1.1. Regional Homogeneity of Preventive Relocation Actions
A. Common Vulnerabilities
B. Common Responses
2.1.2. Regional Heterogeneity of Reactive Relocation Actions
A. Different Scenarios
B. Differential Factors
2.2. The Proposal: a Multi-layered Legal Scheme for Climate-Induced Relocation
2.2.1. Assessment of the Existing Approaches to Climate-Induced Relocation
A. Relevant Diagnosis and Legal Regimes Analysed
B. Limits of the Solutions Proposed
2.2.2. Proposal of a New Integrative and Pluralistic Approach
A. Widening the Spectrum of Applicable Legal Regimes
B. (Re)-Introducing the Role of the State
2.3. Possible Scenarios: Applying the Multi-layered Legal Scheme
2.3.1. Safe Statehood: National Relocations
A. Legal Framework of the Preventive Phase
B. Legal Framework of the Reactive Phase
2.3.2. Endangered Statehood: Transnational Relocations
A. Legal Framework of Ongoing Partial De-population
B. Legal Framework of Prospective Total De-population
2.4. Conclusions

CHAPTER 3: THE CHALLENGE OF GOVERNMENTAL FAILURE
3.0. Introduction
3.1. The National Challenge: Impacts on Pacific Islands’ Domestic Governmental Capacity
3.1.1. Partial De-territorialisation and De-population: From ‘Vulnerable’ to ‘Failed’ States’?
A. Controversial Labels: ‘Failing’, ‘Failed’, or ‘Collapsed’ States
B. Controversial Assumption: from ‘Failed State’ to ‘Extinct Statehood’?
3.1.2. Total De-territorialisation and De-population: Pacific Islands’ Governments in Exile
A. Traditional Forms of Governments in Exile
B. Climate-Induced Governments in Exile
3.2. The International Challenge: Impacts on Pacific Islands’ Capacity to Maintain International Relations
3.2.1. Pacific Island States in the International Community
A. General Active Participation in International Life
B. Launch of the Climate Change and International Security Discourse
3.2.2. The International Community and Pacific Island States
A. Creation of Pacific Island States: Past Reflection of the De-colonisation Movement
B. Extinction of Pacific Island States: Future Reflection of the Limits to Growth
3.3. Exploring Normative Grounds for the Continuity of Pacific Islands States
3.3.1. Remedies for Climate Change Loss and Damage
A. Principal Remedy: Economic Compensation
B. Subsidiary Remedy: Recognition of State Continuity or New Forms of International Political Support
3.3.2. Grounds of Legitimacy for the Continuity of Pacific Island States
A. The Wider Context: A Global, Southern and Post-Colonial Issue
B. The Turn to the Peoples: Self-Determination and the Future of Pacific Island States
3.4. Conclusions

4. CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
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