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War and Individual Rights: The Foundations of Just War Theory

War and Individual Rights: The Foundations of Just War Theory

Author: Kai Draper
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780199388899
Published In: October 2015
Format: Hardback
Jurisdiction: U.K. ? Disclaimer:
Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only

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Contents

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Kai Draper begins his book with the assumption that individual rights exist and stand as moral obstacles to the pursuit of national no less than personal interests.

That assumption might seem to demand a pacifist rejection of war, for any sustained war effort requires military operations that predictably kill many noncombatants as "collateral damage," and presumably at least most noncombatants have a right not to be killed.

Yet Draper ends with the conclusion that sometimes recourse to war is justified. In making his argument, he relies on the insights of John Locke to develop and defend a framework of rights to serve as the foundation for a new just war theory.

Notably missing from that framework is any doctrine of double effect. Most just war theorists rely on that doctrine to justify injuring and killing innocent bystanders, but Draper argues that various prominent formulations of the doctrine are either untenable or irrelevant to the ethics of war.

Ultimately he offers a single principle for assessing whether recourse to war would be justified. He also explores in some detail the issue of how to distinguish discriminate from indiscriminate violence in war, arguing that some but not all noncombatants are liable to attack.

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1: Overview

1.2: Individualism vs. collectivism

1.3: Methodology

1.4: The existence of moral rights

1.5: Terminology

Chapter 2: A Lockean Framework of Rights

2.1: The right to one's own person

2.2: Property rights and rights of first arrival

2.3: Negative need rights

2.4: Autonomy, well-being, and rights

Chapter 3: Rights and Harm

3.1: The doctrine of doing and allowing

3.2: Quinn's interpretation of the doctrine

3.3: Foot's interpretation of the doctrine

3.4: The causal interpretation of the doctrine

3.5: The acting-on interpretation of the doctrine

3.6: A rights-based alternative

3.7: Three objections

3.8: Rights and intentions

Chapter 4: Liability to Defense

4.1: The rights enforcement account

4.2: Defense against the innocent

4.3: Defense of the guilty

4.4: The defense liability principle

4.5: Forfeiture

4.6: Montague and McMahan

Chapter 5: Necessity and Proportionality in Defense

5.1: A defense of internalism

5.2: Necessary harm

5.3: Proportionate harm

5.4: Do the numbers count?

Chapter 6: Liberating Just War Theory from Double Effect

6.1: The structure of my argument

6.2: PDE, MP and rights

6.3: Quinn's defense of double effect

6.4: Recent attempts to improve upon Quinn

6.5: The restricted claims principle

6.6: Alleged support for a strongly discriminating principle

6.7: The irrelevance of weakly discriminating principles

Chapter 7: The Rights of Innocent Bystanders

7.1: Unauthorized violence

7.2: Excusable violence

7.3: Liability through assumed risk

7.4: Ex ante compensation

7.5: Justifiable infringements upon rights

Chapter 8: How to Justify Waging War

8.1: The justifiable war principle

8.2: Is the justifiable war principle too demanding?

8.3: The flaws of traditional jus ad bellum

Chapter 9: The Scope of Liability in War

9.1: Combatants and military personnel

9.2: Those who assist unjust aggressors

9.3: Munitions workers

9.4: Farmers and taxpayers

Chapter 10: Citizenship and Liability

10.1: Agency and liability

10.2: Nonintervention and liability

Chapter 11: Conclusions

Appendix: Need Rights and Compensation

Index

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