Commercial Law Principles and Policy

Author: Nicholas Ryder; Margaret Griffiths; Lachmi Singh
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521758024
Published In: June 2012
Format: Paperback , 656 pages
Jurisdiction: International ? Disclaimer:
Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only

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Contents
Author

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This innovative textbook examines commercial law and the social and political context in which it develops. Topical examples, such as funding for terrorism, demonstrate this fast-moving field's relevance to today's concerns. This wide-ranging subject is set within a clear structure, with part and chapter introductions setting out the student's course of study. Recommendations for further reading at the end of every chapter point the reader to important sources for advanced study and revision questions encourage understanding. The extensive coverage and detailed commentary has been extensively market tested to ensure that the contents are aligned with the needs of university courses in commercial law.

• Innovative textbook that examines commercial law and the social and political context in which it develops

• Includes topical illustrations, such as funding for terrorism, to promote learning and understanding by showing the law's relevance to real life situations

• Further reading sections point students to important sources for advanced study

Preface	xiii
List of abbreviations	xv
Table of statutory provisions	xvii
Table of cases	xlvii
Part 1 Agency	1
Part 1 Chapter 1Agency: an introduction	3
1 Introduction	3
2 What is agency?	3
3 Nature and characteristics of agency	6
4 The different types of agency	8
5 Conclusion	13
6 Recommended reading	13
Part 1 Chapter 2The authority of an agent	14
1 Introduction	14
2 The authority of an agent	14
3 Agency by ratification	21
4 Agency of necessity	25
5 Conclusion	26
6 Recommended reading	26
Part 1 Chapter 3Relations between a principal and agent	28
1 Introduction	28
2 Duties of an agent	28
3 Rights of an agent	43
4 Commercial agents and principals	47
5 Disclosed agency	49
6 Undisclosed agency	52
7 Termination of agency	54
8 Recommended reading	58
Part 2 Sale of Goods and Services	59
Part 2 Chapter 1Sale of goods policy	61
1 Introduction	61
2 Background	62
3 Development of the sale of goods	62
4 Equality of bargaining power: non-consumers and consumers	65
5 Impact of the European Union	69
6 Contract of sale	71
7 Contracts for non-monetary consideration	72
8 Contracts for the transfer of property or possession	73
9 Recommended reading	77
Part 2 Chapter 2The implied conditions in sale of goods contracts	78
1 Introduction	78
2 Background	79
3 Sale of Goods Act 1979, section 12: the right to sell	80
4 Sale of Goods Act 1979, section 13: compliance with description	85
5 Sale of Goods Act 1979, section 14(2): satisfactory quality	91
6 Sale of Goods Act 1979, section 14(3): fitness for purpose	102
7 Sale of Goods Act 1979, section 15: sale by sample	105
8 Exclusion and limitation of liability	106
9 Acceptance	107
10 Remedies	110
11 Recommended reading	112
Part 2 Chapter 3The passage of title, delivery and payment	114
1 Introduction	114
2 Background to the passage of property and risk	115
3 Rules governing the passage of property	115
4 Passage of risk	125
5 The nemo dat exceptions	127
6 Delivery and payment	133
7 Remedies	136
8 Recommended reading	143
Part 2 Chapter 4The supply of goods and services	144
1 Introduction	144
2 Background	145
3 Provision of Services Regulations 2009	146
4 Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982	154
5 Recommended reading	164
Part 2 Chapter 5E-commerce and distance selling	165
1 Introduction	165
2 Background	165
3 Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002	166
4 Distance selling	173
5 Recommended Reading	180
Part 3 International Trade and Sales	181
Part 3 Chapter 1Standard trade terms	183
1 Introduction	183
2 CIF contracts	183
3 FOB contracts	192
4 Ex Works	195
5 FAS contracts	196
6 Conclusion	196
7 Recommended reading	196
Part 3 Chapter 2The Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG)	197
1 Introduction and background	197
2 Structure and scope	198
3 UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts	212
4 Conclusion	213
5 Recommended reading	213
Part 3 Chapter 3Payment in international sales	215
1 Introduction and background	215
2 Open account	215
3 Bills of exchange	216
4 Documentary collections	217
5 Introduction to letters of credit	217
6 Factoring	226
7 Forfaiting	228
8 Conclusion	229
9 Recommended reading	229
Part 3 Chapter 4Carriage of goods by sea	231
1 Introduction	231
2 Hague and Hague-Visby Rules	234
3 Charterparties	247
4 Time charterparty	256
5 Common law obligations of the shipper	259
6 Common law obligations of the carrier	263
7 Bills of lading	265
8 Electronic bills of lading	268
9 Conclusion	268
10 Recommended reading	268
Part 4 Tortious Liability for Defective Products	271
Part 4 Chapter 1Negligence and the rise of product liability	273
1 Introduction	273
2 Background	274
3 Development of negligence	275
4 The move to strict liability	280
5 Types of defect	281
6 Developments in strict liability	284
7 Recommended reading	296
Part 4 Chapter 2Product Liability under the Consumer Protection Act 1987	298
1 Introduction	298
2 Personnel	299
3 Meaning of ‘product’	305
4 Defectiveness	307
5 Defences	319
6 Contributory negligence	327
7 Recoverable damage	328
8 Limitations on liability	330
9 Recommended reading	332
Part 5 Unfair Commercial Practices	333
Part 5 Chapter 1Policy on unfair commercial practices	335
1 Introduction	335
2 Background	336
3 Enforcement strategy	338
4 Criminal law controls	339
5 Civil law enforcement	344
6 Recommended reading	348
Part 5 Chapter 2The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008	350
1 Introduction	350
2 Scope of the 2008 Regulations	351
3 Prohibition against unfair commercial practices	357
4 Codes of practice	360
5 Misleading actions	362
6 Misleading omissions	372
7 Aggressive commercial practices	375
8 Commercial practices which are automatically unfair	379
9 Offences	391
10 Recommended reading	392
Part 5 Chapter 3Business protection from misleading marketing	393
1 Introduction	393
2 Background	394
3 Controls over misleading advertising	394
4 Comparative advertising	399
5 Promotion of misleading and comparative advertising	402
6 Recommended reading	403
Part 6 Banking and Finance Law	405
Part 6 Chapter 1Government policy	407
1 Introduction	407
2 History of banking regulation: early policy initiatives	407
3 New Labour and a new policy	410
4 The Financial Services Authority	422
5 The Coalition government	436
6 Conclusion	437
7 Recommended reading	438
Part 6 Chapter 2Banking and finance law	439
1 Introduction	439
2 What is a bank?	439
3 What is a customer?	442
4 Bank accounts	444
5 Cheques	449
6 Payment cards	451
7 Banker’s duty of confidentiality	454
8 Banking Conduct Regime	457
9 Payment Services Regulations 2009	459
10 Conclusion	460
11 Recommended reading	461
Part 6 Chapter 3Banking regulation	462
1 Introduction	462
2 European banking regulation	462
3 The Financial Services Authority	466
4 Financial Services Compensation Scheme	473
5 Financial Ombudsman Scheme	473
6 Financial Services and Markets Tribunal	473
7 The Bank of England	474
8 Bank insolvency	475
9 Illicit finance	477
10 Conclusion	492
11 Recommended reading	493
Part 7 Consumer Credit	495
Part 7 Chapter 1The government’s policy towards consumer credit	497
1 Introduction	497
2 Evolution of the consumer credit market	498
3 Consumer debt, financial exclusion and over-indebtedness	501
4 Irresponsible lending	505
5 Regulation of irresponsible lending	506
6 Irresponsible borrowing	508
7 Ineffective legislative protection for consumers	510
8 A change of policy	514
9 Lessons from the United States	518
10 Conclusion	519
11 Recommended reading	520
Part 7 Chapter 2The Consumer Credit Act 1974	522
1 Introduction	522
2 Crowther Committee on Consumer Credit	523
3 Consumer Credit Act 1974	524
4 Formalities	531
5 Cancellation of agreements	532
6 Pre- and post-contract information	532
7 Documentation of credit and hire agreements	535
8 Matters arising during the currency of credit or hire agreements	535
9 Credit advertising	536
10 Credit licensing	539
11 Unfairness test	544
12 Other powers of the court	550
13 Financial Ombudsman Service	550
14 Enforcement	552
15 Consumer Credit Directive	554
16 Conclusion	557
17 Recommended reading	557
Bibliography	559
Index	581