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Business Ratios and Formulas: A Comprehensive Guide, 3rd Edition

Business Ratios and Formulas A Comprehensive Guide, 3rd Edition

  • Author:
  • Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
  • ISBN: 9781118169964
  • Published In: March 2012
  • Format: Hardback , 355 pages
  • Jurisdiction: International or US ? Disclaimer:
    Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only
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A complete appraisal of analytical tools available to managers to assess performance

Required reading for anyone starting, running, or growing a business, Business Ratios and Formulas, Third Edition puts answers at the fingertips of business managers, with nearly 250 operational criteria and clear, easy-to-understand explanations that can be used right away. The Third Edition includes twenty new measurements.

  • Approximately 20 new measurements
  • Offers a comprehensive resource of nearly 250 operational criteria
  • An Appendix including a dictionary of accounting and finance terms
  • A thorough list of every ratio and formula, and how to compile and interpret that information
  • Also by Steven M. Bragg: Fast Close: A Guide to Closing the Books Quickly, Second Edition

An ideal tool for measuring corporate performance, this authoritative resource allows you to pick and choose the tools you need to best assess your organization's performance.

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chaper 2 Asset Utilization Measurements

Sales to Working Capital Ratio

Sales to Fixed Assets Ratio

Sales to Administrative Expenses Ratio

Sales to Equity Ratio

Sales per Person

Sales Backlog Ratio

Sales Returns to Gross Sales Ratio

Repairs and Maintenance Expense to Fixed Assets Ratio

Accumulated Depreciation to Fixed Assets Ratio

Capital to Labor Ratio

Fringe Benefits to Wages and Salaries Expense

Sales Expenses to Sales Ratio

Discretionary Cost Ratio

Interest Expense to Debt Ratio

Foreign Exchange Ratios

Overhead Rate

Goodwill to Assets Ratio

Overhead to Cost of Sales Ratio

Investment Turnover

Break-Even Point

Margin of Safety

Tax Rate Percentage

Chapter 3 Operating Performance Measurements

Operating Assets Ratio

Sales to Operating Income Ratio

Sales Margin

Gross Profit Percentage

Gross Profit Index

Investment Income Percentage

Operating Profit Percentage

Operating Leverage Ratio

Net Income Percentage

Core Operating Earnings

Profit per Customer Visit

Profit per Person

Core Growth Rate

Quality of Earnings Ratio

Chapter 4 Cash Flow Measurements

Cash Flow from Operations

Free Cash Flow

Cash Flow Return on Sales

Fixed Charge Coverage

Expense Coverage Days

Cash Flow Coverage Ratio

Cash Receipts to Billed Sales and Progress Payments

Cash to Current Assets Ratio

Cash Flow to Fixed Asset Requirements

Cash Flow Return on Assets

Cash to Working Capital Ratio

Cash Reinvestment Ratio

Cash to Current Liabilities Ratio

Cash Flow to Debt Ratio

REINVESTMENT Rate

Stock Price to Cash Flow Ratio

Dividend Payout Ratio

Chapter 5 Liquidity Measurements

Accounts Receivable Turnover

Average Receivable Collection Period

Days Delinquent Sales Outstanding

Days Sales in Receivables Index

Accounts Receivable Investment

Ending Receivable Balance

Inventory to Sales Ratio

Inventory Turnover

Inventory to Working Capital Ratio

Liquidity Index

Accounts Payable Days

Accounts Payable Turnover

Current Ratio

Quick Ratio

Cash Ratio

Sales to Current Assets Ratio

Working Capital Productivity

Days of Working Capital

Weighted Working Capital

Defensive Interval Ratio

Current Liability Ratio

Required Current Liabilities to Total Current Liabilities Ratio

Working Capital to Debt Ratio

Risky Asset Conversion Ratio

Noncurrent Assets to Noncurrent Liabilities Ratio

Short-term Debt to Long-term Debt Ratio

Altman's Z-Score Bankruptcy Prediction Formula

Chatper 6 Capital Structure and Solvency Measurements

Times Interest Earned

Cash Coverage Ratio

Debt Coverage Ratio

Asset Quality Index

Accruals to Assets Ratio

Times Preferred Dividend Earned

Debt to Equity Ratio

Funded Capital Ratio

Retained Earnings to Stockholders' Equity

Preferred Stock to Total Stockholders' Equity

Issued Shares to Authorized Shares

Chapter 7 Return on Investment Measurements

Net Worth

Book Value Per Share

Tangible Book Value

Return on Assets Employed

Return on Infrastructure Employed

Return on Operating Assets

Return on Equity Percentage

Return on Common Equity

Financial Leverage Index

Equity Growth Rate

Earnings per Share

Percentage Change in Earnings Per Share

Economic Value Added

EVA Momentum

Relative Value of Growth

Dividend Payout Ratio

Dividend Yield Ratio

Chapter 8 Market Performance Measurements

Insider Stock Buy-Sell Ratio

Institutional Capture Rate

Market Value Added

Enterprise Value/Earnings Ratio

Stock Options to Common Shares Ratio

Cost of Capital

Sales to Stock Price Ratio

Price/Earnings Ratio

Capitalization Rate

Chapter 9 Measurements for the Accounting/Finance Department

Purchase Discounts Taken to Total Discounts

Percentage of Payment Discounts Missed

Transactions Processed per Person

Transaction Error Rate

Average Time to Issue Invoices

Average Employee Expense Report Turnaround Time

Payroll Transaction Fees per Employee

Time to Produce Financial Statements

Percentage of Tax Filing Dates Missed

Proportion of Products Costed Prior to Release

Internal Audit Savings to Cost Percentage

Internal Audit Efficiency

Deduction Turnover

Bad Debt Percentage

Percent of Receivables over XX Days Old

Allowance Exhaustion Rate

Percentage Collected of Dollar Volume Assigned

Cash Collected Per Aging Bucket

Collection Effectiveness Index

Best Possible DSO

Partial Payment Agreement Percentage

Percent of Cash Applied on Day of Receipt

Auto Cash Hit Rate

Unmatched Receipts Exposure

Cost of Credit

Earnings Rate on Invested Funds

Brokerage Fee Percentage

Borrowing Base Usage Percentage

Chapter 10 Measurements for the Engineering Department

Bill of Material Accuracy

Labor Routing Accuracy

Idea Kill Rate

Percentage of New Products Introduced

Percentage of Sales from New Products

Percentage of New Parts Used in New Products

Percentage of Existing Parts Reused in New Products

Average Number of Distinct Products per Design Platform

Percentage of Products Reaching Market Before Competition

Return on Innovation Investment

Intangibility Index

Science Linkage Index

Ratio of Actual to Target Cost

Warranty Claims Percentage

Time from Design Inception to Production

Percentage of Floor Space Utilization

Chapter 11 Measurements for the Human Resources Department

Employee Turnover

Average Time to Hire

Late Personnel Requisitions Ratio

Sendouts Per Hire

Intern Hiring Percentage

Ratio of Support Staff to Total Staff

Employment Cost Effectiveness

Chapter 12 Measurements for the Logistics Department

Production Schedule Accuracy

Economic Order Quantity

Number of Orders to Place in a Period

Economic Production Run Size

Raw Material Inventory Turns

Raw Material Content

Finished Goods Inventory Turns

Obsolete Inventory Percentage

Percentage of Inventory XX Days Old

Percentage of Returnable Inventory

Excess Inventory Index

Inventory Accuracy

Percentage of Certified Suppliers

Electronic Data Interchange Supplier Percentage

Distribution Turnover

Supplier Fill Rate

On-Time Parts Delivery Percentage

Purchased Component Defect Rate

Incoming Components Correct Quantity Percentage

Percentage of Actual Payments Varying from Purchase Order Price

Percentage of Purchase Orders Issued below Minimum Dollar Level

Proportion of Corporate Credit Card Usage

Percentage of Receipts Authorized by Purchase Orders

Freight Audit Recovery Ratio

Picking Accuracy for Assembled Products

Order Fill Rate

Average Time to Ship

On-Time Delivery Percentage

Dock-to-Dock Time

Percentage of Products Damaged in Transit

Percentage of Sales through Distributors

Chapter 13 Measurements for the Production Department

Constraint Productivity

Takt Time

Constraint Rework Percentage

Constraint Schedule Attainment

Constraint Utilization

Operational Equipment Effectiveness

Degree of Unbalance

Throughput Effectiveness

Manufacturing Critical Path Time

Manufacturing Efficiency

Break-even Plant Capacity

Manufacturing Effectiveness

Productivity Index

Unit Output per Direct Labor Hour

Average Equipment Setup Time

Unscheduled Machine Downtime Percentage

Mean Time between Failures

Acceptable Product Completion Percentage

Work-in-Process Turnover

Work-in-Process to Standard Work-in-Process

Scrap Percentage

First-Time-Through Yield

Warranty Claims Percentage

Maintenance Expense to Fixed Assets Ratio

Indirect Expense Index

Reorder Point

On-Time Delivery Ratio

Chapter 14 Measurements for the Sales and Marketing Department

Market Share

Customer Turnover

Advertising Value Equivalency

Net Promoter Score

Browse to Buy Conversion Ratio

Recency

Direct Mail Effectiveness Ratio

Inbound Telemarketing Retention Ratio

Proportion of Completed Sales to Home Page Views

Quote to Close Ratio

Pull-Through Rate

Sales per Salesperson

Sales Productivity

Sales Effectiveness

Sales Trend Percentage by Product Line

Product Demand Elasticity

Days of Backlog

Chapter 15 Measurement Analysis with an Electronic Spreadsheet

Financial Statement Proportional Analysis

Financial Statement Ratio Analysis

Automated Ratio Result Analysis

Leverage Analysis

Trend Analysis

Forecasting

Cash Flow Analysis

Capital Asset Analysis

Compounding Analysis

Investment Analysis

Risk Analysis

Appendix: Measurement Summary

Glossary

About the Author

Index

Steven M. Bragg, CPA, has been the chief financial officer or controller of four companies, as well as a consulting manager at Ernst & Young and auditor at Deloitte. He is the author of over thirty books primarily targeted toward corporate financial leaders (controllers, treasurers, and CFOs) and their needs. Bragg received a master's degree in finance from Bentley College, an MBA from Babson College, and a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of Maine.

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