Doing Business in Brazil

Volume 1

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

The Brazilian Legal System 

A. THE CONSTITUTION

     1. The Federal Constitution

     2. The State Constitutions

     3. The Precedence of Laws

B. THE CIVIL CODE SYSTEM

C. SOURCES OF LAW

     1. Legal Doctrine

     2. Case Law

     3. General Principles of Law

     4. Analogy

     5. Custom and Usage

     6. Equity

D. INTERPRETATION OF LEGISLATION

     1. Principles of Interpretation

         (a) Methods of Interpretation

         (b) Sources of Interpretation

     2. Special Rules of Interpretation

E. DIFFERENT JURISDICTIONS

     1. Jurisdiction

     2. Competence

     3. Levels of Jurisdiction

Chapter 2

Types of Business Organizations 

INTRODUCTION

A. ENTREPRENEUR

B. SIMPLE COMPANIES

     1. Articles of Association

     2. Rights and Obligations of the Partners

     3. Management

     4. Relationships with Third Parties

     5. Termination of the company as regards a partner; dissolution

C. GENERAL PARTNERSHIP

D. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

E. SPECIAL PARTNERSHIP

F. LIMITADA

     1. Liability of the partners

     2. Applicable law

     3. Articles of Association

     4. Quotas

     5. Management

     6. Audit Committee

     7. Partners' Resolution

     8. Changes in Quota Capital

     9. Termination of the company as regards minority partners

     10. Dissolution

G. SOCIEDADE ANONIMA

     1. Name

     2. Purposes

     3. Publicly-Held and Closely-Held Companies

     4. Companies With Subscribed Capital and Authorized Capital

     5. Incorporation

     6. Capital

     7. Right of First Refusal

     8. Securities

     9. Shares

     10. Participation Certificates

     11. Debentures

     12. Subscription Warrants

     13. Rights of shareholders

     14. Duties and Responsibilities of the controlling shareholder

     15. Shareholders' Agreements

     16. Management of the Company

     17. Audit Committee

     18. General Meetings

     19. Accounts

     20. Profits and Dividends

     21. Transformation

     22. Merger, Consolidation, and Division

     23. Dissolution, Liquidation, and Extinguishment

     24. Associated, Controlling, and Controlled Companies

     25. Groups of Companies

     26. Mixed Capital Companies

H. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP WITH SHARE CAPITAL

I. CONSORTIUM

J. JOINT VENTURE

Chapter 3

Establishing a Business 

A. CHOICE OF TYPE OF ORGANIZATION

     1. Branches

     2. Limitadas

     3. Sociedades Anônimas

B. REQUIREMENTS FOR INCORPORATION

Chapter 4

Foreign Investment Regulations 

SYNOPSIS

A. ACQUISITION AND SALE OF SHARES OR QUOTAS

B. ACQUISITION OF ASSETS

C. FOREIGN PARTICIPATION IN NEW COMPANIES

D. COMPANIES CONTROLLED BY FOREIGNERS

E. DEPARTMENTS CONTROLLING FOREIGN INVESTMENT

F. PARTICIPATION OF FOREIGNERS IN MANAGEMENT

     1. Sociedades por Ações

     2. Limitadas

G. RIGHTS OF FOREIGN MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS AND QUOTAHOLDERS

     1. Sociedades Anônimas

     2. Limitadas

H. EXPORT COMPANIES

I. INFRINGEMENT OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT REGULATIONS

J. EFFECTS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT REGULATIONS

K. REPATRIATION OF CAPITAL AND EARNINGS

L. LOANS

Chapter 5

Immigration Control 

A. TEMPORARY VISAS

     1. Issue of Visa

     2. Length of Stay

     3. Obtaining the Visa

     4. Luggage of Temporary Visa Holders

     5. Restrictions on Temporary Visa Holders

     6. Transformation of Visas

B. PERMANENT VISAS

     1. Issue of Visa

     2. Obtaining the Visa

     3. Registration

     4. Leaving and Returning to Brazil

Chapter 6

Import - Export Control 

A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND INTERVENING BODIES

B. IMPORT CONTROL

     1. Basic Import Procedures

        1.1. Registration

        1.2. Imports Subject to Approval from Government Agencies

        1.3. Comparability

     2. Taxes on Imports

        2.1. Customs Valuation

        2.2. Import Duty (I.I.)

        2.3. Tax on Manufactured Products (IPI)

        2.4. Tax on Distribution of Goods and Services (ICMS)

        2.5. Tax on Services (ISS)

        2.6. Contribution on Economic Activities (CIDE)

        2.7. PIS-Import and COFINS-Import

        2.8. Freight Surcharge for Merchant Marine Renewal (AFRMM)

C. IMPORT INCENTIVES

     1. Tax Incentives

        1.1. IPI and ICMS exemptions and reductions

     2. Special Customs Systems

        2.1. Customs Transit

        2.2. Bonded Warehouse System on Imports

        2.3. Temporary Admission

D. EXPORT CONTROL

     1. Basic Export Procedures

     2. Taxes on Exports

E. EXPORT INCENTIVES

     1. Tax Incentives

        1.1. ICMS and IPI

        1.2. Federal Contributions

        1.3. ISS

        1.4. Sales to Trading Companies

        1.5. Domestic Trading Operations

        1.6. Special Customs Systems

              1.6.1. Drawback

              1.6.2. Temporary Exports

              1.6.3. Bonded Warehouse System on Exports

              1.6.4. REPETRO

              1.6.5. RECOF

              1.6.6. Customs Transit

              1.6.7. Certificated Customs Warehouse

              1.6.8. Special Customs Deposit

     2. Financial Incentives

        2.1. PROEX

        2.2. ACC

        2.3. ACE

        2.4. BNDES

F. OVERVIEW OF TRADE TREATIES SIGNED BY BRAZIL

     1. WTO

     2. MERCOSUL

     3. LAIA

     4. GSPs

Chapter 7

Contracts 

A. CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTRACTS

     1. Formation of Contracts

     2. Preliminary Contract

     3. Termination of Contracts

B. PURCHASE AND SALE CONTRACTS

     1. Consent

     2. Property

     3. Price

     4. Payment

     5. Mutual Obligations of the Parties

        (a) Obligations of the Vendor

        (b) Obligations of the Purchaser

     6. Types of Purchase and Sale

        (a) Sales by Sample

        (b) Sales ad Corpus and ad Mensuram

        (c) Promises of Purchase and Sale

        (d) Sales with Title Retention

        (e) Sales with Fiduciary Alienation Guarantee

        (f) Sales on Approval

        (g) Sales with Right for the Seller to Repurchase

C. SWAP OR EXCHANGE CONTRACT

D. CONSIGNMENT CONTRACT

E. GIFT

F. LEASE

G. SERVICES

H. TURNKEY CONTRACT

I. DEPOSIT

J. AGENCY AND REPRESENTATION

     1. Characteristics

     2. Termination of Representation Agreement

     3. Representation or Agency Agreement v. Distribution Agreement

     4. Doing Business in Brazil

K. BROKERAGE CONTRACT

L. TRANSPORTATION CONTRACT

M. INSURANCE CONTRACT

N. FIANCA

Chapter 8

Legal Obligations 

A. THE CIVIL CODE

B. TYPES AND EFFECTS OF OBLIGATIONS

     1. Obligation to Give

     2. Affirmative and Negative Obligations

     3. Alternative Obligations

     4. Divisible and Indivisible Obligations

     5. Joint Obligations

C. TRANSFER OF OBLIGATIONS

D. PERFORMANCE AND EXTINGUISHMENT OF OBLIGATIONS

     1. Payment

     2. Deposit

     3. Subrogation

     4. Order of Payment

     5. Dation

     6. Novation

     7. Setoff

     8. Merger

     9. Remission of Debt

E. EFFECTS OF NONPERFORMANCE

     1. General

     2. Damages for Default

     3. Losses and Damages

     4. Default Interest

     5. Capitalization of Interest

     6. Penalty Clause

     7. Earnest Money

     8. Settlement

     9. Arbitration Commitment

     10. Improper Payment

     11. Unjust Enrichment

F. PROOF OF OBLIGATIONS

Chapter 9

Guarantees 

I. INTRODUCTION

II. GARANTEES IN REM

A. PLEDGE

     1. Types, Creation and Extinguishment

     2. Liens

     3. Pledge of Agricultural and Stockbreeding Assets

     4. Industrial and Mercantile Pledge

     5. Pledge of Rights and Credit Instruments

     6. Pledge of Vehicles

     7. Pledgee

     8. Pledgor

     9. Effects of Pledge

B. ANTICHRESIS

C. MORTGAGE

     1. Definition

     2. Major Characteristics

        (a) Debts that may be secured by mortgage

        (b) Property eligible for mortgage

        (c) Subsequent mortgages

        (d) Foreclosure

     3. Effects of Mortgage

     4. Mortgage-backed Securities

     5. Discharge of a Mortgage

D. FIDUCIARY ALIENATION

     1. Fiduciary Alienation

     2. The Fiduciary Creditor

     3. Evidence of the Guarantee

     4. Enforcement of the Guarantee

        (a) Default of the debtor

        (b) Distress

        (c) Enforcement Action

     5. Bankruptcy of the Fiduciary Debtor

E. TITLE RETENTION

III. GUARANTEES IN PERSONAM

A. FIANCA

     1. Definition

     2. Fiadores

     3. Characteristics of a Fiança

     4. Rights of the Fiador

     5. The Benefit of Privilege

     6. Extinguishment of the Fiança

B. AVAL

     1. Definition

     2. Guarantor by Aval (Avalista)

     3. Form of the Aval

     4. Limitation of the Aval

     5. Payment by the Avalista

C. RESTRICTIONS ON THE GIVING OF FIAN?A OR AVAL

IV. ENFORCEMENT OF THE GUARANTEE

Chapter 10

Credit Documents 

A. INTRODUCTION

     1. The Credit System in Brazil

     2. Types of Credit Documents in Brazil

B. BILLS OF EXCHANGE

C. PROMISSORY NOTES

D. CHECKS

E. BILLS OF LADING

F. CREDIT CARDS

G. DEPOSIT CERTIFICATES

     1. Definition

     2. Characteristics

H. SHARES OF CORPORATIONS

Chapter 11

Bankruptcy and Insolvency 

A. INSOLVENCY

B. DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY AND CONCURSO OF CREDITORS

C. BANKRUPTCY

D. CONCORDATA

E. PREVENTIVE CONCORDATA

F. SUSPENSIVE CONCORDATA

G. BANKRUPTCY LAW BILL AND SUPPLEMENTARY BILL

Chapter 12

Property 

A. MOVABLES AND IMMOVABLES

B. POSSESSION

C. ACQUISITION AND LOSS OF OWNERSHIP

D. CHARACTERISTICS OF OWNERSHIP

E. CO-OWNERSHIP

F. RESTRICTIONS ON THE RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP

G. GUARANTEES

H. BUILDING COVENANTS

I. USUFRUCT

Chapter 13

Administrative Law 

A. INTRODUCTION

B. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

C. POLITICAL DIVISIONS
     1. States

     2. Municipalities

     3. Territories

     4. Federal District

D. ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS

Chapter 14

Taxation 

A. THE TAXATION SYSTEM

     1. General Principles

B. FEDERAL TAXES

     1. Income Tax (IR)

     2. Withholding Income Tax (IRF)

     3. Social Contribution on Net Profits (CSL)

     4. Tax on Manufactured Products (IPI)

     5. Tax on Financial Transactions (IOF)

     6. Tax on Foreign Exchange Transactions (IOC)

     7. PIS/PASEP and COFINS

     8. Provisional Contribution on Financial Transactions (CPMF)

     9. Contribution on Economic Activities (CIDE)

        (a) CIDE on Fuels

10. Compulsory Loans

C. STATE TAXES

     1. Tax on Distribution of Goods and Services (ICMS)

     2. Estate and Gift Tax (ITCMD)

D. MUNICIPAL TAXES

     1. Tax on Services (ISS)

     2. Inter-vivos Property Transfer Tax (ITBI)

     3. Urban Land and Building Property Tax (IPTU)

E. TAXATION OF INDIVIDUALS

F. DIVIDENDS

G. PAYMENTS ABROAD

H. TAXATION OF SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

I. TAXATION OF CAPITAL GAINS

J. IMPORTS/EXPORTS

     1. Imports

     2. Customs

     3. Exports

     4. Transfer Pricing

     5. Concept of Related Parties

K. DOUBLE TAXATION TREATIES

L. TAX INCENTIVES

     1. Incentives in the Manaus Free Trade Zone

     2. Incentives in the ADA and ADENE Areas

     3. Incentives in the Export Processing Zones (ZPEs)

     4. Cultural Incentives

     5. Incentives under the Industrial Development Program (PDTI)

M. BRAZILIAN TAXATION AT A GLANCE

Chapter 15

Social and Labor Legislation 

A. WORKERS

     1. Employees

     2. Independent Contractors

     3. Free-lance Workers

B. CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENTS

C. EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS

     1. Introduction

     2. Contracts for a Fixed Term

     3. Contracts for an Indefinite Term

D. INDEMNIFICATION FOR UNFAIR DISMISSAL

     1. The Unemployment Guarantee Fund-FGTS

     2. Indemnity

     3. Employees with Employment Tenure

     4. Employees Subject to the Mixed System

     5. Employees Who Have Opted for the FGTS System

E. WAGES

     1. Salary and Compensation

     2. Minimum Wage

     3. Equal Pay

     4. Wage Policy

F. MAXIMUM WORKDAY

     1. Overtime

     2. Rest Periods

     3. Night Work

G. INVENTIONS BY EMPLOYEES

     1. Inventions Resulting From the Employee's Work

     2. Inventions by Employees not Engaged in Research

H. INTERRUPTION AND SUSPENSION

     1. Interruption of an Employment Contract

     2. Suspension of an Employment Contract

I. UNFAIR DISMISSAL

     1. Employees' Rights

     2. Notice

     3. Employee with Employment Tenure

J. DISMISSAL PROCEDURE

K. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

     1. Collective Conventions and Collective Agreements

     2. Collective Labor Disputes

L. UNIONS

M. SOCIAL SECURITY

     1. General

     2. Individual Contributions

     3. Corporate Contributions

     4. Payment of the Contributions

     5. Social Security Benefits

     6. Calculation of Social  Security Benefits

N. RETIREMENT

     1. General

     2. Disability Retirement Pension

     3. Retirement Pension

     4. Special Pensions

     5. Pension for Time of Service

O. COMMISSION AGENTS

     1. Definition

     2. Types of Commercial Representation Agreement

     3. Compensation of the Commercial Representative

P. WORK ACCIDENTS AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

Chapter 16

Intellectual Property 

A. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

B. THE RIGHT OF PROPERTY

C. COPYRIGHT PROTECTION

D. INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT

E. TRADEMARKS

F. INVENTIONS AND UTILITY MODELS

G. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

H. OPPOSITION PROCEEDINGS

I. CANCELLATION

J. PROCEDURE

K. PROOF OF USE

L. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL ACTIONS

M. DOMAIN NAMES

Chapter 17

Financial Institutions 

A. TYPES OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

     1. The Brazilian Financial System

       (a) The National Monetary Council

       (b) The Central Bank of Brazil

       (c) The Brazilian Securities Commission

     2. Types of Financial Institutions

       (a)  Commercial Banks

       (b)  Multiservice Banks

       (c)  Development Banks

       (d)  Investment Banks

       (e)  Consumer Credit Companies

       (f)  Leasing Companies

       (g)  Mortgage Companies

       (h)  Credit Unions

       (i)  Brokerage Firms and Securities Dealerships

       (j)  Saving Banks

       (k)  Real Property Credit Companies

       (l)  Real Estate Ownership Companies

       (m)  Exchange Banks

     3. Foreign Investments in the Brazilian Financial System

B. LICENSING OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

     1. General Rules

     2. License to Operate

     3. Capital Adequacy

     4. Supervision and Reporting

     5. Branches of Financial Institutions

       (a) Permanent Branches in Brazil

       (b) Permanent Branches Abroad

       (c) Branches and Representative offices of Foreign-based Financial Institutions

C. Deposit Protection and Government Support

D. Reserve Requirements

E. Exchange Control

F. Accountancy

G. Enforcement Provisions

     1. Penalties

     2. Types of Penalties

         (a)  Warning

         (b)  Fine

         (c)  Suspension of Right to Hold Office

         (d)  Cancellation of Authorization

         (e)  Detention

         (f)  Imprisonment

     3. Appeals

Chapter 18

Insurance 

A. SUPERVISORY AGENCIES

     1. The National Private Insurance Council

     2. The Private Insurance Authority

B. INSURANCE

     1. Personal Insurance

     2. Property Insurance

C. BONDS

     1. Bid Bonds

     2. Performance Bonds

     3. Supply Bonds

     4. Advance Payment Bonds

     5. Retention Money Bonds

     6. Maintenance Bonds

D. INSURANCE COMPANIES

     1. Foreign Participation

     2. Liquidation

     3. Operational Guarantees

     4. Accounts

E. INSURANCE BROKERS

F. REINSURANCE

G. CESSION OF INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE

H. INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE IN FOREIGN CURRENCY

I. ENFORCEMENT PROVISIONS

     1. Penalties

     2. Appeals

Chapter 19

Licensing and Technical License Agreements 

A. INTRODUCTION

B. TRADEMARK LICENSES

     1. Requirements

     2. Remuneration

     3. Term of the Agreement

C. PATENT LICENSES

     1. Requirements

     2. Remuneration

     3. Term of the Agreement

D. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AGREEMENTS

     1. Transfer of Technology

     2. Technology Supply Agreements

       (a) Requirements

       (b) Remuneration

       (c) Term of the Agreement

     3. Specialized Technical and Scientific Assistance Service Agreements

       (a) Requirements

       (b) Remuneration

       (c) Term of the Agreement

E. FRANCHISING AGREEMENTS

F. COST-SHARING AGREEMENTS

G. MANUFACTURING AGREEMENTS

H. CONTRIBUTION ON ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (CIDE)

Chapter 20

Trade Regulations and Inflation Measures 

A. PRICE CONTROL

B. CONTROL OF INTEREST RATES

C. CONTROL OF LOANS BY BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

D. QUALITY STANDARDS

E. RENT CONTROL

Chapter 21

Private International Law 

A. TREATIES

     1. Double Taxation Treaties

     2. Treaties Relating to Negotiable Instruments

     3. The Bustamante Code

     4. Extradition Treaties

     5. Treaties Relating to Air and Maritime Navigation

        (a) Air Navigation

        (b) Maritime Navigation

     6. Treaties on Intellectual and Industrial Property

B. MAIN PRINCIPLES OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
     1. Domicile

     2. Situation of Assets

     3. Place

     4. Place of Incorporation

     5. Territorial Jurisdiction

C. CHOICE OF LAW

D. CHOICE OF FORUM

E. ARBITRATION
     1. Arbitration in Brazilian Law

     2. Arbitration Clause and Commitment

     3. Arbitration Tribunal

     4. International Arbitration

F. ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS

G. LETTERS ROGATORY

Chapter 22

Informatics 

A. REGULATORY AGENCIES

B. IMPORTATION OF COMPUTER EQUIPMENT

C. BRAZILIAN MANUFACTURE OF COMPUTER EQUIPMENT

D. PROTECTION AND MARKETING OF SOFTWARE IN BRAZIL

E. ACQUISITION OF TECHNICAL INFORMATICS SERVICES BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

F. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTER LAW

G. TELECOMMUNICATIONS-GENERAL PRINCIPLES

H. TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

I. FOREIGN PARTICIPATION IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Chapter 23

Environmental Regulation in Brazil 

A. INTRODUCTION

     1. Early Legislation

     2. Recent Legislation

        (a) Regulations and Industrial Zoning

        (b) Other Regulations

        (c) Laws 6938/81 and 7347/85

        (d) Law 9605/98

        (e) The Federal Constitution

B. BASIC LEGAL PROTECTION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

     1. Official Agencies in Charge

     2. Sanctions

     3. Fines

     4. Loss of Tax Incentives and Credit Facilities

     5. Reduction or Suspension of Activities

     6. Compensation for Damages

C. CONCLUSION

Chapter 24

White Collar Crime 

A. INTRODUCTION

     1. The Legality and Antecedence Principles

     2. Characterization, Unlawfulness, Culpability

     3. Penalties

B. CRIMES AGAINST THE ECONOMIC, MONETARY AND FINANCIAL SYSTEM
     1. Law No. 4595 of December 31, 1964

     2. Crimes Against the National Financial System

     3. Exchange Fraud and Currency Evasion

C. CRIMES AGAINST THE TAX SYSTEM
     1. Law No. 8137 of December 27, 1990

     2. Tax Embezzlement

D. CRIMES AGAINST CONSUMER RELATIONS

E. CRIMES AGAINST THE PUBLIC INTEREST

F. BIDDING LAW

G. INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY LAW

H. MONEY LAUNDERING CRIMES

I. THE CRIMINAL CODE
     1. Fraud, Forgery and Larceny

     2. Issuance of Bad Checks, Check Forgery, and Trade Acceptance Bill Simulation

     3. Crimes in Relations Between Private Companies and the Government

     4. Forgery of Commercial Books and Documents

     5. Abuse of Rights and Use of Companies for Unlawful Purposes

Chapter 25

Consumer Protection 

A. INTRODUCTION

B. DEFINITIONS

     1. Consumers

     2. Suppliers

     3. Products

     4. Services

C. PRINCIPLES

D. CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY UNDER THE CONSUMER PROTECTION CODE

E. SHIFTING OF THE BURDEN OF PROOF AND DISREGARD OF CORPORATE IDENTITY

F. RECOVERABLE DAMAGES

G. CONTRACTUAL PROTECTION

H. CONSUMER PROTECTION IN COURT

I. THE BRAZILIAN CONSUMER PROTECTION SYSTEM

Chapter 26

Brazilian Competition Regulations 

A. COMPETITION REGULATIONS IN BRAZIL

B. LAW 8884/94

     1. Territoriality

     2. Merger Control

        2.1. Filing Thresholds

        2.2. Relevant Market Definition

     3. Filing of Acts with CADE

        3.1. Procedure

             3.1.1. Binding Document

             3.1.2. Filing Fees and Translation of Documents

             3.1.3. Steps of Antitrust Review

             3.1.4. Untimely Filing - Fines

        3.2. Consultation

        3.3. Precautionary Measures and Reversibility Agreements

     4. Review of Cases by the Authorities

        4.1. Judiciary Review

     5. Requirements for CADE Approval of Acts - Efficiencies Demonstrated

     6. Violations against the Economic System ("Restraints of Trade")

        6.1. Investigation Mechanisms

        6.2. Penalties

        6.3. Leniency Agreements

     7. Specific and Strategic Sectors - The Regulatory Agencies       

                                                                                 Volume 2

Volume 2 -- Appendices

Appendix A -- The 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil

Appendix B -- Law No. 6404 of December 15, 1976, as amended (Corporation Law)

Appendix C -- Law No. 4131 of September 3, 1962, as amended (Foreign Capital Law)

Appendix D -- Law No. 4595 of December 31, 1964, as amended

Appendix E -- Law No. 4728 of July 14, 1965 (Capital Markets Law)

Appendix F -- Law No. 6385 of December 7, 1976, as amended (Securities Market Law)

Appendix G -- Law No. 9613 of March 3, 1998 (Money Laundering Crimes Law)

Appendix H -- Circular Letter No. 2826 of December 4, 1998

Appendix I -- Circular Letter No. 2852 of December 3, 1998

Appendix J -- Law No. 8666 of June 21, 1993, as amended (Bidding Law)

Appendix K -- Law No. 8884 of June 11, 1994 (Competition Law)

Appendix L -- Law No. 9307 of September 23, 1996 (Arbitration Law)

Appendix M -- Law 11101 of February 9, 2005 (Bankruptcy Law)

Appendix N -- Law No. 11079 of December 30, 2004 (Public Private Partnerships Law)

Appendix O -- Law No. 9605 of February 1998 (Environmental Law)

Appendix P -- Law No. 9279 of May 14, 1996 (Industrial Property Law)

Appendix Q -- Law No. 9610 of February 19, 1998 (Copyright Law)

Appendix R -- Law No. 9609 of February 19, 1998 (Software Protection Law)

Appendix S -- Law No. 8987 of February 13, 1995 (Public Concessions Law)

Appendix T -- Law No. 9472 of July 16, 1997 (General Telecommunications Law)

Appendix U -- Law No. 8977 of January 6, 1995 (Cable TV Services Law)

Appendix V -- Decree No. 1718 of November 28, 1995 (Cable TV Services Regulations)

Appendix W -- Law No. 9019 of March 30, 1998 (Antidumping and Countervailing Duties)

Appendix X -- Decree No. 1488 of May 11, 1995 (Safeguard Measures)

Appendix Y -- Decree No. 1602 of August 23, 1995 (Safeguard Measures Regulations)

Appendix Z -- Decree No. 1751 of December 19, 1995 (Countervailing Measures Regulations)

Appendix 1A -- Law No. 9478 of August 6, 1997 (Energy Law)

Appendix 1B -- Constitutional Amendment 5

Appendix 1C -- Constitutional Amendment 6

Appendix 1D -- Constitutional Amendment 7

Appendix 1E -- Constitutional Amendment 8

Appendix 1F -- Constitutional Amendment 9

Appendix 1G -- Constitutional Amendment 36

Glossary

Index