Preface.
Acknowledgments.
Chapter 1 Background of Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting.
Introduction.
Brief History of Fraud and the Anti-fraud Profession.
The Fraud Cycle.
Review of Technical Literature.
Forensic Accountant and Audits.
Forensic Accountants.
Fraud Auditors.
Keys to Effective Fraud Investigation.
The Anti-fraud Professional’s Career.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 2 Fraud Principles.
Introduction.
Definition: What Is Fraud?
Synonyms: Fraud, Theft, and Embezzlement.
Classic Fraud Research.
Fraud Triangle.
Scope of Fraud.
Profile of Fraudsters.
Who Is Victimized by Fraud Most Often?
Fraud Taxonomies.
Evolution of a Typical Fraud.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 3 Fraud Schemes.
Introduction.
ACFE Fraud Tree.
Financial Statement Schemes.
Corruption Schemes.
Asset Misappropriation Schemes.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 4 Red Flags.
Introduction.
Professional Standards.
Common Red Flags.
Specific Red Flags.
Fraud Detection Model.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 5 Fraud Risk Assessment.
Introduction.
Technical Literature and Risk Assessment.
Risk Assessment Factors.
Risk Assessment Best Practices.
Risk Management Checklists and Documentation.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 6 Fraud Prevention.
Introduction.
Prevention Environment.
Perception of Detection.
Classic Approaches.
Other Prevention Measures.
Accounting Cycles.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 7 Fraud Detection.
Introduction.
Fraud Detection Axioms.
Common Detection Methods.
Specific Detection Methods
Summary.
Appendix 7A: Beneish’s Ratios.
Chapter 8 Fraud Response.
Introduction.
Fraud Policy.
Fraud Response Team.
Recovery.
Summary.
Appendix 8A: ACFE Sample Fraud Policy.
Appendix 8B: Sample Fraud Policy Decision Matrix.
Notes.
Chapter 9 Computer Crime.
Introduction.
History and Evolution of Computer Crimes.
Computer Crime Theories and Categorizations.
Characteristics of the Computer Environment.
Information Security (INFOSEC).
Profiling Internet Fraudsters.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 10 Fraud and the Accounting Information System.
Introduction.
Accounting Concepts.
Segregation of Duties.
Accounting Information Systems.
Key Personnel.
Computer Hardware.
Computer Software.
New Forms of Media
Audit Trail Concept.
Summary.
Chapter 11 Gathering Evidence.
Introduction.
Rules of Evidence.
Hearsay Exceptions.
Other Rules of Evidence.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 12 Cyber Forensics.
Introduction.
Expectation of Privacy.
Types of Investigations.
Sources of Digital Data.
Types of Cyber Data.
Cyber Forensics Investigation Process.
Variety of Specialists in Cyber Forensics.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 13 Obtaining and Evaluating Non-Financial Evidence in a Fraud Examination.
Introduction.
Interviews.
Body Language.
Deception Cues.
Eye Language.
Statement Analysis.
SCAN.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 14 General Criteria and Standards for Establishing an Expert Witness’s.
Qualifications.
Introduction.
Credentials.
Personal Qualities of the Expert.
Sources for Locating Expert Witnesses.
Distinguishing the Actual Area of Competence.
Summary.
Notes.
Chapter 15 The Legal Role and Qualifications of an Expert Witness.
Introduction.
Role of a Forensic Accountant as a Witness in Court.
Legal Qualifications for a Forensic Accountant as an Expert Witness.
Qualification and Admissibility of Accounting Evidence.
Expert’s Role in the Litigation Team.
Pretestimony Activities.
Summary.
Appendix 15A: Transcript of Typical Court Testimony of Expert Witness.
Notes.
Chapter 16 Effective Tactics and Procedures for the Expert Witness in Court.
Introduction.
Effective Profile.
Being a Credible Expert Witness.
Expert’s Role in the Litigation Team.
Pretestimony Activities.
Trial and Testimony.
Survival Techniques.
Summary.
Note.
Chapter 17 Fraud and the Public Accounting Profession.
Introduction.
History of Fraud and the Auditor: A Summary.
Fraud and the Auditor’s Liability.
Fraud and the Auditor’s Responsibility.
Fraud and the Auditor’s Role.
Summary.
Notes.
About the Authors.
Index.
