Remedies for International Sellers of Goods, 2nd Edition

Volume 1

Uniform Law of International Sales of Goods 
Introduction
General Provisions
Formation of Contract
Fundamental Breach and Avoidance
Risk of Loss
Obligations and Remedies
Conclusion
Appendix


Argentina 
Introduction
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Regulatory Framework of Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Australia 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies


Austria 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Belgium 
Introduction
Conflict of Laws
International Sales Contracts
Formation of Contract
Obligations and Remedies
Transfer of Risk
Bankruptcy of Buyer
Retention of Title
Lien of Unpaid Seller on Goods Sold 
Letters of Credit


Bermuda 
Introduction
Interpretation of Contracts
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects
Conclusion
Appendix


Brazil 
Interpretation of Contracts
Risks and Losses of Seller
Guarantees
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Canada 
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Chile 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects

Colombia
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Warranties
Limiting Buyers' Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects

Croatia
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Cyprus 
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
CIF and C&F Terms and Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyers Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Czech Republic 
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sale Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects

Denmark
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Defects
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Egypt 
Introduction
Interpretation of the Contract of Sale
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


England and Wales 
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Estonia
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Letters of Credit
Vienna Convention for the International Sale of Goods


Finland 
Introduction
Conclusion and Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyers' Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


France 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Purchaser's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Germany 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyers' Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Ghana 
Introduction
Interpretation of Contracts
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies of the Buyer
 Remedies of the Seller
Vienna Convention
Foreign Judgments
Conclusion


Greece 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Excluding or Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Guatemala 
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit


Hong Kong 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties and Conditions
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
Conclusion


India 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit


Indonesia 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyers' Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects
Conclusion


Ireland 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Limitation of Actions
Property and Risk
Warranties and Conditions
Limitation of Buyer's Remedies
Remedies of the Seller
Mortgage or Charge
Real Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects
Ireland’s New Commercial Court
Arbitration (International Commercial) Act 1998
Alternative Dispute Resolution (Alternate Dispute Resolution)


Israel 
Introduction
International Sale of Goods
The Hague Sales Law


Italy 
Sale of Goods
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Japan
Introduction
General Principles Under the Civil Code
Formation and Effect of Sales Contracts
International Sale of Goods

Volume 2 

Kenya 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects
Conclusion


Lithuania 
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Luxembourg 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limitation of Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
Prescription
Retention of Title Clause
International Aspects


Malaysia 
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sale Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyers' Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
Vienna Convention


Mexico 
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyers' Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


The Netherlands 
Introduction 
Interpretation of Sales Contracts
Position of Seller
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


New Zealand 
Introduction
Interpretation of Contract
Risk of Loss
Conditions and Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Nigeria 
Introduction
Sale of Goods
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
Pre-Shipment Inspection
International Aspects


Norway 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Pakistan 
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Paraguay 
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


The Philippines
Introduction
Elements of Sales Contract
Obligations
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss 
Conditions and Warranties
Remedies
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Poland 
Introduction
Interpretation of a Sales Contract
Risk of Loss of the Thing Sold
Warranty for Defects and Guarantee of Quality
Limitation of the Buyer's Rights Under Contractual Provisions
Remedies to Secure the Interests of Parties to a Sales Contract 
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Portugal 
Interpretation of Sales Contracts
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Scotland
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Singapore 
Introduction
The Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies of the Seller
Specific Performance
Letters of Credit
Bankruptcy and Insolvency
Private International Law


South Africa 
Introduction 
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


South Korea
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Spain 
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Sweden 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Switzerland 
Formation and Interpretation
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects


Taiwan 
Introduction
Formation of Sales Contract
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Remedies of Buyer
Remedies of Seller
Letters of Credit
International Aspects
Conclusion


Tanzania 
Introduction
Remedies for International Sellers
Applicable Law
Conclusion


Thailand 
Introduction
Interpretation of the Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit


Turkey 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contracts
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Right to Limit Buyer's Remedies by Contract
Remedies
Letters of Credit


Ukraine 
Introduction
Terms of Sales Contracts
Warranties
Risk, Loss, and Damages
Treaties
Conclusion


United States 
Introduction
Interpretation of Sales Contract
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Limiting Buyer's Remedies
Remedies
Letters of Credit
International Aspects: Vienna Convention

Venezuela
Sources of Rules
Express Terms
Formation of Sales Contract
Assignment and Delegation
Unconscionability, Modification, Rescission and Waiver
Risk of Loss
Warranties
Conclusion


Letters of Credit 
Introduction
Valid and Invalid Terms
Right to Vary Terms
Revocability
Independence and Fraud
Strict Compliance
Wrongful Dishonor
Wrongful Honor
Transfer and Assignment
Insolvency
Uniform Rules
Uncitral Model Law


Appendix A 
Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 1994 — UNIDROIT
 

Appendix B 
Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods (1964)


Appendix C
Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1964)

About the Editor: 

Professor Dennis Campbell is the Director of the Center for International Legal Studies (CILS) in Salzburg, Austria, and teaches as an adjunct Professor at Suffolk University Law School. He is the former Director of International Programs and Professor of Law at University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law. He has lectured at Stockholm University, Helsinki University, Salzburg University, National University of Taiwan, Warsaw University, and Jagiellonian University. He is a member of the New York State Bar and the Iowa State Bar and is a former Assistant Secretary of the California State Senate.

The Center for International Legal Studies promotes the dissemination of information among members of the international legal community, through research and publication projects, post-graduate and professional training programs, and academic seminars, professional symposia and continuing legal education conferences. Nearly 5,000 lawyers worldwide have been designated as Fellows of the CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES in recognition of their contributions to its programs. The Center provides observers on a regular basis at meetings of UNCITRAL and its Working Groups in Vienna and New York.
 

About the Contributors:

Remedies for International Sellers of Goods
Authors Addresses

Australia - Theresa Baw and Alexander John Wakefield, Holman Webb

Brazil - Antonio de Azevedo Sodré, Azevedo Sodré Advogados

Chile - Arturo Yrarrázaval C. and Gerado Ovalle M., Yrarrázaval, Ruiz-Tagle, Goldenberg, Lagos & Silva

Colombia - José Francisco Mafla, Brigard & Urrutia

Croatia - Kristijan Galic, Law Office of Kristijan Galic

Cyprus - Olga Georgiades, Lellos P. Demetriades Law Office

Denmark - Carsten Pedersen, Bech-Bruun

Finland - Matti Kauppi, Asianajotoimisto Matti Kauppi Oy

Germany - Sebastian Gronstedt and Wolfgang Fritzemeyer, Mettenheim Gronstedt Meyding

Greece - Alkistis Marina Christofilou and Maria Demirakou, IKRP Rokas & Partners

Guatemala - Juan Carlos Castillo Chacón and María José Morales Guillén  , Aguilar Castillo Love

India - Dharmendra Rautray, Kachwaha & Partners

Indonesia - Galinar R. Kartakusuma, Makarim & Taira S.

Italy - Giuseppina De Stefano and Antonello Corrado,  CFMP - Studio Legale Associato, Rome and Milan, Italy

Japan - Teruo Doi, Kashiwagi Sogo Law Offices

Kenya - Salim Dhanji, 8 Seaview Point, Point Cook

Letters of Credit - Birgitta Lurger, University of Graz

Luxembourg - Henri Wagner, Allen & Overy Luxembourg

Mexico - Jorge Sánchez DeVanny, Sánchez-DeVanny Eseverri, S.C.

Norway - Helge Jakob Kolrud, Advokatfirmaet Haavind AS

Pakistan - Salman Talibuddin and Mishal Ahmed, Kabraji & Talibuddin

Paraguay - Roberto Moreno Rodríguez-Alcalá, Moreno Ruffinelli & Asociados

Philippines - Hector M. de Leon, Jr., SyCip Salazar Hernandez & Gatmaitan

Poland - Adrian Krzyzanowski, Lukowicz Swierzewski & Partners

South Africa - Cecil L. Wulfsohn, Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs

Spain - Belén Arribas Sánchez, mmmm Abogados

Sweden - Johan Sidklev, Setterwalls

Turkey - Ünal Tekinalp, Tekinalp Lawyers

Ukraine - Natalia Pakhomovska, Natalia Zhero and Elina Vavryshchuk, DLA Piper

Uniform Law of International Sale of Goods - Willibald Posch, University of Graz

United States - Eugene J. Heady, Smith, Currie & Hancock LLP

Venezuela - Jorge Acedo-Prato and Juan Carlos Pondal-Kleber, Hoet Pelaez Castillo & Duque