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Towards the Development of the International Penal System

Towards the Development of the International Penal System

Author: Róisín Mulgrew
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781107027411
Published In: July 2013
Format: Hardback , 429 pages
Jurisdiction: International ? Disclaimer:
Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only

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Based on extensive empirical research, this ground-breaking book describes and analyses existing systems for enforcing sentences of imprisonment imposed by international criminal courts and makes recommendations for the strategic and structural development of the international penal system. In particular, it advocates a resocialisation-focused international penal policy delivered using restorative justice modalities post-conviction and the creation of an accountable international prison system. Singly or combined, these developments will contribute to the institutionalisation of the international penal system and enhance the international nature of the sanction, the international control over the way international punishment is enforced and the equal treatment of international prisoners. These developments will also help to ensure that international punishment is principled and progressive and implemented in a humane and effective system.

• Comprehensive discussion of the governing legal and regulatory frameworks enables the reader to access information about an under-documented system which is of vital importance for the international criminal justice process

• Empirical research sheds light on the operation and oversight of the international penal system at a time when very little is known beyond the sparse legal frameworks and the limited jurisprudence that has been made public

• Provides innovative recommendations concerning the development of international penal strategy and structure which will assist international criminal courts, oversight bodies and enforcing states and institutions

Acknowledgments	xii
Abbreviations	xiv
Introduction	1
1 Exploring the international penal system	3
2 Structure of the book	6
Part I The international penal system	9
1 The international penal system	11
1 International penalties	11
2 The international criminal justice system	17
3 The international penal system	19
4 Reconceptualising the implementation of international punishment	21
5 Conclusion	29
Part II Systems: systems for the enforcement of international punishment	31
2 Decentralised national enforcement	33
1 Securing state cooperation	33
2 Designation of and transfer to enforcing states	39
3 Division of responsibility	45
3.1 Welfare of the international prisoner	45
3.2 Length of the term of imprisonment	56
3.3 Responsibility for the international prisoner and the international sentence	83
4 International punishment in national prison systems	84
4.1 Inequality of treatment among international prisoners	85
4.2 Inequality between international and national prisoners	86
4.3 Rehabilitation and preparation for release	96
5 Conclusion	102
3 Centralised international enforcement	103
1 Imprisonment at an international detention facility	105
2 Contact with the outside world	111
3 Medical care	116
4 Maintaining order	121
4.1 Regulatory frameworks governing the maintenance of order	122
4.2 Management and staff approaches to the maintenance of order	125
5 Oversight	131
5.1 Complaints	131
5.2 Internal oversight	134
5.3 External oversight	139
5.4 Oversight of imprisonment at IDFs	140
6 Standards at IDFs	143
7 Release	151
8 Centralised national enforcement: the ICC’s residual facility	153
9 Conclusion	154
4 Localised national enforcement	156
1 Statutory options for localised national enforcement	156
1.1 The SCSL and Sierra Leone	157
1.2 The ICTR and Rwanda	159
2 Rule 11bis transfers	160
2.1 The ICTY, Rule 11bis and Bosnia-Herzegovina	161
2.2 The ICTR, Rule 11bis and Rwanda	167
2.3 Rule 11bis and its operation post-completion	170
3 Conclusion	173
5 The contemporary international penal system	175
1 The international penal system	175
2 Humane punishment	181
2.1 Equal treatment	182
2.2 Oversight of international punishment	185
3 The effectiveness of international punishment	187
4 The evolution of the international penal system	190
5 Conclusion	194
Part III Strategy: developing and operationalising international penal strategy	195
6 International penal policy	197
1 The need for international penal policy	197
1.1 Preventing the aggravation of international punishment	197
1.2 International courts’ support role	199
1.3 International penal policy	202
2 A normative foundation for international penal policy	203
2.1 Justifications for the establishment of international criminal courts	203
2.2 Justifications for the imposition of international custodial sanctions	203
2.3 A justification for the implementation of international custodial sanctions?	207
3 Rehabilitation	208
3.1 The normative common denominator of the international penal system	209
3.2 A theoretical framework for the incorporation of a rehabilitative penal policy within a retributive justice process	211
3.3 Reconceptualising rehabilitation for the international penal system	213
4 Conclusion	216
7 International penal practice	218
1 A restorative approach to resocialisation	218
2 Restorative justice principles and processes	224
2.1 Recognition of harm	224
2.2 Repairing harm	226
2.3 Reconciliation	226
2.4 Reintegration	230
2.5 Restoring and maintaining peace	232
3 Utilising restorative tools to implement international penal policy	235
3.1 Individual resocialisation	236
3.2 Inter-relational resocialisation	238
3.3 Links with external mechanisms	244
4 Dealing with conflict, crime and transition	246
4.1 Context and causes of conflict and crime	247
4.2 Creating an accepted truth	250
4.3 Breaking cycles of violence	254
5 Reparative actions	255
6 Ethical issues	260
7 A comprehensive justice system	262
8 Conclusion	264
8 Operationalising international penal strategy	266
1 Operationalising international penal policy and practice	267
2 Centralised support to centralised control	270
Part IV Structure: creating an accountable international prison system	273
9 An international prison system	275
1 Arguments in favour of creating an international prison system	277
2 Establishing an international prison system	279
2.1 Precedence and practice	280
2.2 Legal mandate	282
2.3 Location	283
3 Models for international prisons	286
3.1 An island	286
3.2 Host State	286
3.3 Choosing a suitable model	294
4 Operating an international prison system	296
4.1 Funding	296
4.2 Management	300
4.3 Custodial staff	302
5 Conclusion	305
10 Guarding the guardians	307
1 Oversight of an international prison system	308
2 Responsibility for an international prison system	311
2.1 The responsibility of international organisations	312
2.2 The responsibility of states	318
2.3 Responsibility for seconded staff	323
2.4 The responsibility of individuals	326
3 An accountable international prison system	329
4 Conclusion	332
Part V The development of the international penal system	333
11 The development of the international penal system	335
1 The legitimacy of the international penal system	336
2 The institutionalisation of the international penal system	340
3 Towards the development of the international penal system	343
Appendix I: Empirical research	345
Appendix II: Enforcing states	354
Bibliography	356
Table of cases	370
Official documents, treaties, resolutions and reports	378
Index	401