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Contributors
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xiii |
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Foreword by Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias
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xxiii |
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Preface
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xxv |
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Dedication and Acknowledgements
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xxvii |
|
Introduction
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Frederic Perron-Welch, and Christine Frison
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1 |
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Development of the Cartagena Protocol
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2 |
|
Sustainable Development Law and the Cartagena Protocol
|
6 |
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Biosafety Becomes Binding
|
14 |
|
Part I: Essentials of Biosafety and Sustainable Development Law
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|
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1 Biosafety, the Cartagena Protocol, and Sustainable Development
Kathryn Garforth, Worku Damena Yifru, and Mai Fujii
|
19 |
|
Context
|
19 |
|
The Cartagena Protocol and the Three Pillars of Sustainable Development
|
23 |
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Conclusion
|
33 |
|
2 Implementing Sustainable Development through National Biosafety Frameworks
Christine Frison, Sylvestre-José-Tidiane Manga, and Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
|
35 |
|
The UNEP-GEF Biosafety Project
|
37 |
|
Providing a Clear and Precise Structure for NBFs and Draft Legislation
|
39 |
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Sustainable Development Aspects of NBFs
|
40 |
|
Conclusion
|
47 |
|
3 Crafting National Biosafety Regulatory Systems
Gregory Jaffe
|
48 |
|
Components and Characteristics of a Functional and Protective System
|
49 |
|
International Obligations Relevant to Biosafety
|
54 |
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Conclusion
|
59 |
|
Part II: Sustainable Development Law and Policy on Biosafety
|
|
|
4 Risk Assessment and Risk Management
Ryan Hill
|
63 |
|
The Protocol's Provisions on Risk Assessment and Risk Management
|
64 |
|
Comparison of the Protocol to Other LMO Risk Assessment Frameworks
|
67 |
|
Challenges in Implementing Risk Assessment under the Protocol
|
71 |
|
Conclusion
|
77 |
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5 The Decision-Making Procedures of the Protocol
Worku Damena Yifru, Mai Fujii, and Kathryn Garforth
|
78 |
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The Advance Informed Agreement Procedure
|
78 |
|
The Procedure for LMOs-FFP
|
80 |
|
Advance Informed Agreement and Prior Informed Consent
|
83 |
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Current Issues and Challenges Related to the Decision-Making Procedures
|
86 |
|
Conclusion
|
88 |
|
6 Handling, Transport, Packaging, and Information
Thomas P. Redick
|
89 |
|
Overview of Approaches to HTPI Implementation
|
90 |
|
Review of Implementation Laws for HTPI
|
95 |
|
Models for Implementation with Minimal Trade Disruption
|
108 |
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Conclusion
|
110 |
|
7 The Importance of Public Participation
Christine Toczeck Skarlatakis and Julian Kinderlerer
|
111 |
|
Public Participation and International Sustainable Development Law
|
113 |
|
Dimensions of the Concept of Public Participation
|
117 |
|
Challenging Public Participation in Biosafety Policy
|
119 |
|
Global Public Perceptions on Biotechnology
|
124 |
|
Conclusion
|
128 |
|
8 The Biosafety Clearing-House and Sustainable Development Law
Frederic Perron-Welch
|
131 |
|
Introduction
|
131 |
|
Origins and Basis of the Biosafety Clearing-House
|
132 |
|
The BCH and Sustainable Development Law Principles
|
134 |
|
9 Use of the Biosafety Clearing-House in Practise
Tomme Rosanne Young
|
137 |
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“Metadata”
|
139 |
|
Search Mechanisms
|
141 |
|
Use of BCH Data by Importers, Exporters, and Developers
|
142 |
|
Initial Controversies and Underlying Objectives
|
143 |
|
10 Socioeconomics, Biosafety, and Sustainable Development
Frederic Perron-Welch
|
147 |
|
Socioeconomic Impacts and Biosafety
|
149 |
|
Biosafety Regimes and Socioeconomic Considerations
|
152 |
|
Biosafety, Socioeconomics, and Sustainable Development Law
|
157 |
|
Conclusion
|
162 |
|
11 The Compliance Mechanism of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: Development, Adoption, Content, and First Years of Life
Veit Koester
|
164 |
|
Introduction
|
164 |
|
Legal Basis of the Compliance Mechanism
|
165 |
|
Development of the Compliance Mechanism
|
166 |
|
Conclusion
|
186 |
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12 Biosafety, Liability, and Sustainable Development
Frederic Perron-Welch and Olivier Rukundo
|
188 |
|
International Law on Liability and Redress for Environmental Harm
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189 |
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Development of the Liability and Redress Supplementary Protocol
|
192 |
|
Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol
|
194 |
|
Complementary Liability and Redress Rules
|
200 |
|
Conclusion
|
201 |
|
Part III: Domestic Implementation of Biosafety Regulatory Aspects
|
|
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13 Legislative Options for National Implementation
Tomme Rosanne Young
|
205 |
|
Outcome Orientation: Is Legislation Required?
|
206 |
|
Which Cartagena Protocol Tasks Are Mandatory?
|
209 |
|
Nonmandatory Provisions
|
221 |
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14 National Biosafety Regulatory Systems in Central and Eastern Europe
David Duthie and Liina Eek
|
224 |
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Overview of Biosafety Policies of CEE Countries that are EU Members
|
228 |
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Non-EU Countries (Including Candidate and Potential Candidate Countries)
|
229 |
|
Regulatory Systems
|
234 |
|
Conclusion
|
244 |
|
15 Implementing the Cartagena Protocol in West Africa: National and Regional Activities
Gregory Jaffe and Papa Meissa Dieng
|
246 |
|
WAEMU Biosafety Regulatory Systems
|
247 |
|
Issues Raised During Legal Analysis of Draft Laws and NBFs
|
253 |
|
Regional Analysis
|
260 |
|
CILSS/INSAH Regional Biosafety Initiative
|
264 |
|
Conclusion
|
269 |
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16 Comparative Analysis of the National Biosafety Regulatory Systems in East Africa
Gregory Jaffe
|
270 |
|
Biosafety Regulatory Systems in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda
|
271 |
|
Comparative Analysis of East African Biosafety Regimes and the African Model Law
|
274 |
|
Cooperation, Coordination, and Harmonisation of EA Biosafety Regimes
|
291 |
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Conclusion
|
298 |
|
17 The National Biosafety Regulatory Systems in Asian and Near East Countries
Nizar Mohamed
|
300 |
|
Conceptual Framework
|
301 |
|
Experiences in Asian National Biosafety Framework Development
|
303 |
|
NBF: Policy Context
|
305 |
|
Some Lessons from the Development of NBFs in Asia
|
311 |
|
Conclusion: “Learning by Doing”
|
316 |
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18 The Regulatory and Institutional Biosafety Systems in the Americas
Jorge Cabrera Medaglia
|
317 |
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The Impacts and Challenges Faced in the Field of Agrobiotechnology
|
318 |
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Biosafety Regulatory and Institutional Frameworks in the Americas
|
321 |
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Outline of the Leading Biosafety Trends in the Americas
|
322 |
|
Conclusion
|
326 |
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Part IV: Case Studies of Domestic Regimes and Sustainable Development
|
|
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19 National Experiences with Legislative Implementation of the Protocol
Tomme Rosanne Young
|
329 |
|
General Policy Approaches
|
330 |
|
Mandatory Elements: Obligations to Other Parties
|
332 |
|
Export of LMOs (Notification and Acknowledgement)
|
333 |
|
Legislation of Domestic Scope
|
338 |
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Conclusion
|
386 |
|
20 The Costa Rican Legal Framework on Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms
Jorge Cabrera Medaglia
|
388 |
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The Phytosanitary Protection Law and Related Regulations
|
389 |
|
Provisions of the Biodiversity Law
|
394 |
|
Provisions Related to Environmental Impact Assessment
|
396 |
|
Provisions of Seed Law No. 6289
|
396 |
|
Provisions of the Organic Farming Law
|
397 |
|
Labelling, Traceability, and Liability
|
399 |
|
Claims Made Before the Administrative Environmental Tribunal
|
400 |
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Conclusion
|
400 |
|
21 Innovations in Biosafety Law in New Zealand
Frederic Perron-Welch
|
402 |
|
Regulatory System
|
402 |
|
Strategic Vision
|
403 |
|
Permitting Mechanism
|
404 |
|
Information System
|
406 |
|
Monitoring and Inspections, Enforcement, and Compliance
|
407 |
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Conclusion
|
408 |
|
22 Liability and Redress in Canadian Case Law: Hoffman v. Monsanto Canada Inc.
Kathryn Garforth and Paige Ainslie
|
409 |
|
The Facts at Issue
|
409 |
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The Decisions of the Courts on the Causes of Action
|
410 |
|
Underlying Concerns
|
421 |
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Conclusion
|
432 |
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23 The Use of GMOs in Chile and the Protection of Indigenous Culture
Konstantia Koutouki and Paula Honorato Marin
|
433 |
|
GMOs in Chilean Food Production
|
435 |
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GMOs and Indigenous Culture
|
436 |
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Conclusion
|
442 |
|
Part V: Global Policy Trends in Biosafety
|
|
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24 Sustainable Development, Biosafety, and International Law
Frederic Perron-Welch, Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Christine Frison, and Jorge Cabrera Medaglia
|
447 |
|
Development Paradigms Prior to Stockholm
|
447 |
|
International Policy Making on Sustainable Development
|
451 |
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Sustainable Development Law of Relevance to Biosafety
|
455 |
|
Regional and Domestic Implementation
|
469 |
|
Conclusion
|
469 |
|
25 Trade and Investment Implications of Implementing the Cartagena Protocol
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and Markus Gehring
|
471 |
|
Introduction
|
471 |
|
Trade Regimes, Investment Rules, and Biosafety Measures: Tools for Sustainable Development?
|
473 |
|
Designing Biosafety Policies with Trade and Investment Considerations
|
486 |
|
Strengthening International Legal Coherence for the Green Economy
|
499 |
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26 The Cartagena Protocol and the Regulation of Genetically Modified Food Aid
Martin Endicott
|
502 |
|
What Is Food Aid?
|
502 |
|
Application of the Protocol to Consignments of Food Aid
|
506 |
|
Key Considerations for the Regulation of Food Aid in Domestic Law
|
510 |
|
Conclusion
|
513 |
|
Conclusion
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger, Frederic Perron-Welch, and Christine Frison
|
514 |
|
Biosafety Law: Looking Forward
|
514 |
|
Enduring Questions
|
516 |
|
Conclusion
|
520 |
|
Annex I -- The Components of a National Biosafety Framework (UNEP/GEF Toolkit)
|
521 |
|
Annex II -- Cartagena Protocol Implementation Tool Kit
|
522 |
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Annex III -- Risk Management and Risk Assessment
|
528 |
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Annex IV -- International Liability and Redress Treaties
|
531 |
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Annex V -- Central and Eastern Europe
|
534 |
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Annex VI -- West Africa
|
540 |
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Annex VII -- East Africa
|
548 |
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Annex VIII -- Asia
|
551 |
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Annex IX -- Americas
|
554 |
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Annex X -- Costa Rica
|
586 |
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Table of Treaties
|
589 |
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Table of Declarations
|
591 |
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Table of Decisions
|
592 |
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Table of Legislation
|
594 |
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Table of Cases
|
596 |
|
Bibliography
|
599 |
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Index
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