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Sovereignty and the Limits of International Law: Regulating Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

Sovereignty and the Limits of International Law: Regulating Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

Author: Todd Berry
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9781032591179

Published In: September 2025
Format: Paperback
Jurisdiction: U.K. ? Disclaimer:
Countri(es) stated herein are used as reference only
Hardback Edition ISBN: 9781032589633

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Description
Contents

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The inspiration for this book comes from negotiations that are taking place under the auspices of the United Nations by an intergovernmental conference for a new International Legally Binding Instrument (ILBI) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ). The proposed ILBI is attempting to fill existing gaps under international law over marine biodiversity and marine genetic resources (MGR) in ABNJ. One way it is attempting to do this is by having an Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) schema over these resources in ABNJ that the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Nagoya Protocol (NP) do not currently cover. These existing frameworks that regulate genetic resources are grounded in the notion of sovereignty. Effectively, States have sovereign rights over their biological resources. The ILBI, however, is attempting to regulate marine biodiversity and MGR in ABNJ. Thus, the notion that negotiators representing nation States under the auspices of the United Nations can regulate ABNJ is paradoxical – are these areas beyond nation States’ jurisdiction or not? Implicitly, the negotiators are acting as though they have sovereignty over resources located in what has been historically a sovereign-free space. Thus, the purpose of this book is to investigates this paradox. Essentially, this book critiques the notion that ABNJ can actually be regulated under the auspices of the United Nations by nation-State negotiators.

Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Introduction

Abstract

1.1. Background

1.2. International Law

1.2.1. The League of Nations

1.2.2. The United Nations

1.2.3. The Organs of the United Nations

1.2.4. General Assembly

1.2.5. Economic and Social Council

1.2.6. International Court of Justice

1.2.7. The United Nations Security Council

1.2.8. Decolonisation/Self-determination

1.2.9. United Nations’ Expanded Reach

1.3. Bretton Woods Agreement

1.3.1. The International Monetary Fund

1.3.2. The World Bank

1.3.3. The World Trade Organization

1.4. Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

1.5. The International Legally Binding Instrument and the Paradox (restated)

Chapter 2: Sovereignty

Abstract

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Contemporary Sovereignty

2.3. Historical Sovereignty

2.3.1. Jean Bodin (1530 – 1596)

2.3.2. Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679)

2.3.3. John Locke (1632 – 1704)

2.3.4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778)

2.3.5. Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804)

2.3.6. John Austin (1790 – 1859)

2.3.7. Hans Kelsen (1881 – 1973)

2.3.8. Carl Schmitt (1888 – 1985)

2.4. Sovereignty is Supreme Power

2.5. Chapter Conclusion

Chapter 3: Boundaries

Abstract

3.1. Introduction

3.2. High Seas

3.2.1 Hugo Grotius (1583 – 1645) Mare Liberum (Free Seas)

3.2.2. John Selden (1584 – 1654) Mare Clausum (Closed Seas)

3.3. The Cannon-shot Rule (Three-mile Rule)

3.4. The Truman Proclamations

3.5. Sovereignty and UNCLOS

3.6. Conclusion

Chapter 4: The Lotus Case

Abstract

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Background

4.3. The Permanent Court of International Justice

4.4. The Assenting Judgment

4.5. Dissenting Judgments

4.6. Application of Law and Sovereignty

4.7. Conclusion

Chapter 5: Whaling

Abstract

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Whaling

5.2.1. Japan’s Whaling History

5.2.2. International Convention for the Regulating of Whaling (ICRW)

5.2.3. International Whaling Commission (IWC)

5.3. Japanese Media Articles *

5.3.1. Sea Shepherd (2010) – (Peaks 2 and 5)

5.3.2. Japan leaves the IWC – (Peaks 4 and 6)

5.4. Application of Law and Sovereignty

5.5. Conclusion

Chapter 6: International Seabed Authority

Abstract

6.1. Introduction

6.2. The Area becoming the Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM)

6.3. ISA’s establishment under UNCLOS – resources and activities in the Area

6.4. ISA’s power structure

6.4.1. Assembly

6.4.2. Council

6.4.3. Secretariat

6.4.4. Seabed Disputes Chamber (SDC)

6.5. Application of Law and Sovereignty

6.6. Conclusion

Chapter 7: Outer Space

Abstract

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Outer Space versus Airspace Jurisdiction

7.3. Outer Space Frameworks

7.3.1. Outer Space Treaty

7.3.2. Rescue Agreement

7.3.3. Liability Convention

7.3.4. Registration Convention

7.3.5. Moon Treaty

7.4. United States Space Force (Space Force)

7.5. Application of Law and Sovereignty

7.6. Conclusion

Chapter 8: Conclusion

Abstract

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Challenges for Regulating ABNJ

8.3. Who Decides in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction?

8.4. Future Research Directions

8.5. Concluding Remarks

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